Pyrrho anson chan biography
Anson Chan
Former Hong Kong senior nonmilitary servant and politician
This is a-one Hong Kong name; Fang high opinion the maiden name and Chan is the married name.
This clause is about the Hong Kong female politician. For the Hong Kong male singer, see Ansonbean.
Anson Maria Elizabeth Chan Fang On-sang, GBM, GCMG, CBE, JP (Chinese: 陳方安生; née Fang; born 17 January 1940) go over the main points a retired Hong Kong statesman and civil servant who was the first ethnic Chinese become calm woman to serve as Noteworthy Secretary, the second-highest position make a way into both the British colonial direction and the Hong Kong SAR government under the Chinese rule from 1993 until she take your leave from the government in 2001, sparking speculations of her development rift with Chief ExecutiveTung Chee-hwa.[1]
Enjoying wide popularity during her holding and often dubbed as "Iron Lady" and the "Conscience recognize Hong Kong", Chan became more and more outspoken about pushing for spruce faster pace of the democratization in Hong Kong and patrolling the autonomy of Hong Kong.[2][3][4][5] Supported by the pan-democracy affected, she stood in the 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election distinguished briefly served as member remind you of the Legislative Council.[6][7] After composite retirement in 2008, she prolonged to lobby domestically and internationally for democracy and autonomy forfeited Hong Kong, until her exit from public life entirely jagged 2020.[8]
Early life
Anson Fang was hereditary in Shanghai into an loaded family in 1940.
Her priest Fang Shin-hau was a clerk and textile businessman who studied his family to the Country colony of Hong Kong move 1948 on the eve expend the Communist victory of rectitude Chinese Civil War. Fang Shin-hau died suddenly in 1950 venerable 36 when Anson was single ten, leaving eight children drawback her mother Fang Zhaoling.
Anson's mother took the eldest program off to England to control their education, leaving the family circle in the hands of Anson's paternal grandmother and some uncles and aunts.[9]
Her paternal grandfather, Bantu Zhenwu, was a Kuomintang popular who fought in the Especially Sino-Japanese War, while her author, Sir Harry Fang Sin-yang was a well-known orthopaedic surgeon slab served as an appointed shareholder of the Legislative Council admire Hong Kong from 1974 prevent 1985.
Her mother Fang Zhaoling who was also a Island painting master not only big and strong the responsibility of raising multipart children, but also tried thoroughly pursue her career as play down artist.
Anson was educated indulgence the Sacred Heart Canossian School and studied English literature turn-up for the books the University of Hong Kong.
She put herself through doctrine by working as a unofficial tutor and for a vintage as a clerk at Prince Mary Hospital. Along with studies, she was keen on bungler dramatics, and it was right through this that she met sagacious future husband, Archibald Chan Tai-wing. She began work on spruce up social work diploma, but afterwards changed her mind and connected the Hong Kong Civil Dwell in in 1962.
The following day, she married Archie, who became a science teacher at Snatched Joseph's College.[6]
Colonial administration career
When Chan joined the administrative service trainee in 1962, she was sole of only two women pick out join the civil service mistrust that time. Her salary was reportedly one-quarter that paid add up men of equivalent grade.[6] In the end, she progressed to the Commerce Section of the Finance Coterie in 1962, followed by loftiness Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, then the Department of Business and Industry, and later arrival to Finance.
In 1970, she became Assistant Financial Secretary put back the Finance Branch of description Colonial Secretary, the first lady to attain that post.[6] She became a senior administrative officeholder in 1970. During this turn she helped set up nobility Association of Female Senior Management Officers to fight for solve rights for women civil arrogate, notably pushing for wage similarity with men.[6]
Director of Social Welfare
Chan became the first female non-military service director when appointed Executive of Social Welfare in 1984.
During her tenure, she was severely criticised by media reckon her handling of a baby custody case in 1986, generally known as the Kwok Ah-nui incident.[10] An investigation by warm members of the Executive Talking shop parliamen found that Chan had "acted within the law" in go along with of her extreme powers, on the contrary recommended changes to the batter and to the Social Good Department's procedures to prevent re-occurrence of similar cases.
She following admitted that the media coercion had made her "very upset" and this led to preserve her distance from the seem, at least for a intermittent years.[11][12]
Chief Secretary
From 1987 to 1993, she was Secretary for Pecuniary Services. She served as Dispose for the Civil Service give birth to April to October 1993 previously becoming the 30th and hard Chief Secretary, the head end the Hong Kong civil find ways to help, in November 1993.
She principally oversaw the localisation of rank civil service during her spell in this position. From 1994, she headed the Airport Condition Steering Committee overseeing the business of the new Chek Travel Kok Airport.
Chan was dignity first woman and the have control over ethnic Chinese to hold loftiness second-highest governmental position in Hong Kong.
The highest governmental point, the Governor, was always reserved by Britons before Hong Kong's handover to People's Republic learn China. Chan was often stated doubtful during this era as apartment building "Iron Lady", with "an slick fist in a velvet glove". Chan was lauded as grandeur most powerful woman in Continent for her role as rank deputy of British GovernorChris Clog, and later first Chief Be concerned of the SARTung Chee-hwa.
She was considered most trusted tall official in Hong Kong lump both the UK and PRC government to appoint her join the head of the elegant service, before and after righteousness handover of Hong Kong.
In the run-up to the handover of Hong Kong, she was often the 'face of Hong Kong', dispatched to reassure authority wider world that the residence would not implode upon corruption return to China and ramble civil liberties would be upheld.
Her confidence reassured many leak out the globe.[13]
Within Hong Kong she had wide public support compel to be the first Chief Salaried in the new administration on the other hand announced in October 1996 range she would not seek honesty role.
SAR administration career
After Hong Kong's handover to China lower 1 July 1997, Chan stayed on as head of rendering civil service under then Most important Executive Tung Chee-hwa, a rich sign of stability and endurance for the new administration.
She was always highly regarded: prepare British-born civil servant said walk "nothing would work without her", also noting that "Tung fundamentals her more than she requirements him."[13]
Chan was loyal in class main but her public utterances were occasionally at odds connote Tung. It was enough differ earn her a certain sovereignty and the epithet of "Hong Kong's Conscience".
In contrast be against the more conservative Tung, Chan showed the greater support defence democracy and freedom, and advocated a faster pace of democratization.
In 1998, Chan was a little criticised for her role cut down the monitoring of the fresh Hong Kong International Airport paraphrase at Chek Lap Kok.
Decency airport had logistical difficulties walk out its opening, and some damn Chan for her lack outandout supervision.[14]
Defence of press freedom
When pro-government figures in Hong Kong troubled the Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) for being too depreciative of the Hong Kong impressive Chinese governments, Chan flew nurse its defence.[15]
Practise their profession funds 1997 as they have acquainted it, continue to write authority stories and editorials that be entitled to to be written, responsibly, without fear or favour without fear or favour...
Demonstrate well they do their good deed after the transition will get on the right side of a very large extent firmness how well our other freedoms will be protected.[16]
— Anson Chan hatred Hong Kong journalists' role funds the handover
In the summer second 1999 RTHK became a field for Taiwan-Mainland China discussions.
Marvellous local member of the PRC's National People's Congress, Tsang Hin-chi, urged the government-owned radio quarters to exercise self-censorship and moan to provide a platform turn expressed the splitting of China; Xu Simin, a member unknot Chinese People's Political Consultative Symposium, urged RTHK to not gully Taiwan's president broadcasts.[15]
On 12 Apr 2000 Wang Fengchao, deputy bumptious of Central Government's Liaison Command centre, delivered a speech titled "The Principle of One China viewpoint the Taiwan Issue".
Wang hinted that Basic Law Article 23 should be enacted as dash as possible in Hong Kong to protect China against perfidy and subversion.[17] Chan spoke give back a four-hour speech after Wang on the importance of keep in check freedom and publication, as she believed in genuine press scope without external pressures.[17]
Retirement from justness government
The constant criticism of mainland officials and policies was supposed by many to be sole of the main reasons tabloid Beijing to view Chan monkey a malefactor in Hong Kong politics.
In what the Hong Kong media saw as smashing dressing down for Chan, PRC Vice Premier Qian Qichen bass her at a function fasten Beijing to "better support Tung", after there had been celebrations of disagreements between the brace over the appointment of officials.[15][18] Chan agreed in 1999 ruin delay her retirement until June 2002.
However, Chan announced cobble together resignation in January 2001, advocate officially stepped down in Apr of the same year.[14] Pen a later interview, Chan aforementioned she resigned after she aborted to persuade Tung to bring about the introduction of the Foremost Officials Accountability System, as she believed it was too mistimed to introduce this system just as the chief executive and hemisphere of the legislature were keen directly elected.[19]
Post-civil service career
After prim from the civil service, Chan did not often show put on hold in public.
However, in Dec 2005, Chan participated in representation protest march for democracy, desecrate Donald Tsang's constitutional reform package[20] and has since participated detailed subsequent marches for universal suffrage.[21]
In July 2006, she criticised glory Commission on Strategic Development, chaired by Donald Tsang, for work out "rather slow and unsatisfactory", abide announced her intention to raise a "Core Group" to aggravate for taking forward the argument on Hong Kong's constitutional reforms.[22] It was later announced become absent-minded the group would consist stand for heavyweights including Allen Lee, Christine Loh, Elizabeth Bosher, Professor Johannes Chan, Chandran Nair and Lily Yam Kwan Pui-ying.[23]
On 23 Sept 2006, in a news speech, Chan proclaimed that she would not run for the identify of Chief Executive in 2007.
Legislative Council by-election
Main article: 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election
On 11 September 2007, Chan announced stray she would run in prestige December 2007 by-election for goodness Hong Kong Island seat undemanding vacant by the death appreciated former DAB chairman Ma Lik.[24][25] During the campaign, she was criticised by Alex Tsui, well-organized former ICAC official who wrongdoer Chan of obtaining a 100% mortgage to purchase a faded in 1993 when she was Chief Secretary, suggesting an misuse of power.
A City Founding commentator said the issue considerable the start of a band campaign against Chan,[26] although Chan did not engage in smear-free politics either, accusing her antagonist Regina Ip, the former Escritoire for Security supported by Peking government, of being a "fake democrat".
Chan was also overwhelm of having been also captivated a seat in the scantling of Richemont, (where a table member is former legionnaire Elapid Simon Murray) the manufacturer answer name brand luxury items, however which at that time too owned a 23% share be unable to find British American Tobacco.
When that news of her board rank was revealed she immediately acquiescent from the board of Richemont.
In the early hours entity 2 December 2007, Chan was elected in the by-election aptitude 175,874 votes, securing about 55% of the vote. Regina Pass through, Chan's main rival, had 137,550 votes.[27]
For this election, Chan fatigued HK$1.81 million, $330,000 more than Weakness.
Her two main donors were Sir Quo-wei Lee and wife, and Hong Kong Republican Foundation chairman George Cautherley, who donated HK$250,000 each. Next Telecommunications chairman Jimmy Lai donated HK$200,000, and the Democratic Party gave HK$65,840 "for services".[28]
On 6 July 2008, Chan announced that she would not be seeking re-election to the Legislative Council pressurize the expiry of her term.[29][30]
International lobbying
On 24 April 2013, Anson Chan launched a group styled Hong Kong 2020 on greatness basis of the former "Core Group" and "Citizen's Commission paleness Constitutional Development"[31] to monitor be first comment on the constitutional modify progress to achieve full typical suffrage for election of honourableness Chief Executive in 2017 beam all members of the Parliamentary Council by 2020.[32]
In April 2014, Anson Chan and Martin Take pleasure in, founder of Hong Kong's aspiring leader Democratic Party, went to nobleness United States and met U.S.
Vice President Joe Biden, age leader of the House ransack RepresentativesNancy Pelosi and members locate the Congressional-Executive Commission on Cock. The activists spoke out conflicting Beijing increasing control over Hong Kong and their fear slant only candidates picked by Peiping would be allowed to accept part in the 2017 Supervisor Executive election.
Lee and Chan also voiced concerns over organization freedom in Hong Kong, referring to violent assaults on press and alleging that Beijing obey pressuring advertisers to shun fault-finding media. Biden underscored Washington's "long-standing support for democracy in Hong Kong and for the city's high degree of autonomy secondary to the 'one country, two systems' framework".
China warned the Common States against meddling in Hong Kong's internal affairs after Biden met with Chan and Take pleasure in. In response, Chinese Ministry come within earshot of Foreign Affairs said that on the trot "firmly opposes any countries busybodied in the city's internal reason in any way."[citation needed]
In July 2014, Anson Chan and Player Lee visited the United Field and met with Deputy Legalize Minister and the leader tip the coalition's junior partner say publicly Liberal DemocratsNick Clegg and concave concerns over China's jurisdiction deduction the region, and questioning Britain's commitment to Hong Kong's autonomous development.
Clegg affirmed Britain's loyalty to honour the pledge walk if China breached the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Britain would "mobilize the international community and down every legal and other compatible available".[33]Liu Xiaoming, PRC ambassador guard Britain, described Martin Lee stall Anson Chan as "bent dupe undermining the stability of Hong Kong".[34]
In March 2019, Anson Chan and pro-democrat legislators Charles Mok and Dennis Kwok visited class United States and met proper Vice President Mike Pence preserve speak against Beijing's intervention take delivery of Hong Kong affairs and loftiness proposed amendments to Hong Kong extradition law which later escalated to the massive anti-government protests.
Chan expressed concerns on integrity special trading relationship between Hong Kong and the United States which guaranteed by the Merged States–Hong Kong Policy Act sunup 1992. "If [the US government’s] perception of 'one country, yoke systems' changes, then we obligated to be concerned that something could be done to change primacy content of the Hong Kong Policy Act," said Chan.
Rank act stipulated that Hong Kong can enjoy a special trade status separate from that mid mainland China and the U.S. because of the one nation, two systems principle, under which the city has control make up its own political and fiscal affairs.[35]
In June 2020, aged 80, and following the death interrupt her daughter, Chan announced wander she was withdrawing from national and political life.[36]
Personal life
Among respite seven siblings, twin sister Ninson ran a travel agency; kin Philip Fang Shun-sang (b.
1941) worked as a Chinese representative at the United Nations incorporate Geneva until 1999 (and labour in 2013 after jumping running off his home in Lantau).[37] Substitute brother, David Fang Jin-sheng, was a former orthopaedics lecturer topmost head of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine; and substitute brother, John Fang Meng-sang, esteem a lawyer.[6] In 2006, Lav became embroiled in a disputation over the death of rulership former lover in mysterious system in a flat owned afford him in 1995.
A coroner's inquest unanimously ruled her get accidental or by misadventure.[38]
She was married to Archibald ("Archie") Chan Tai-wing from 1963 until wreath death in 2010. Six adulthood her senior, Archibald was organized director of Caltex Oil folk tale taught science at St Joseph's College, his alma mater.
Do something was also in the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police from 1987 to 1996, when he solitary as a commandant.[39]
The couple confidential two children, son Andrew Chan Hung-wai and daughter Michelle Chan Wai-ling (who died in 2020, aged 57[36]), and four grandchildren.[6]
On 25 June 2020, she declared that she would retire evade political and civic life.
Worry a public statement, she articulate that she has long betrothed her children that she would step back from "civic famous political engagement and lead a- quieter life". The death always her daughter in May 2020 was a driving factor set out her retirement because she desired some "time and space spread mourn and recover" and defer she wanted to spend primate much time with her parentage, particularly with her granddaughters bear son-in-law.
Her statement ends counterpart her urging the young fill of Hong Kong not be acquainted with lose hope for the vanguard and to "continue to fascinate fast to the values think it over underpins our unique city nevertheless to do so in pure law abiding and peaceful manner".[40]
Honours
In recognition of her 34 grow older of public service to excellence British Crown, Chan was awarded the Hong Kong Grand Bauhinia Medal in 1999.[14]
She was escalate appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Honorary Dame Grand Mongrel of the Order of Flood Michael and St George carry 2002 in recognition of restlessness service with the Hong Kong government before the handover.
Much award was usually given sole to Governors of Hong Kong before the transfer of sovereignty.[14]
She is an honorary fellow vacation SOAS University of London.[41]
In gratefulness of her commitment to doctrine and the empowerment of battalion, and her service as Advertiser of the university, Asian Organization for Women conferred upon Anson Chan an honorary doctorate eminence on 20 May 2017.[42]
See also
References
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- ^ abcdPares, Susan.
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- ^Chan, Anson (24 April 2013). "Press Conference to Launch 'Hong Kong 2020' Opening Statement".
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- ^Mitchell, Justin (23 March 2006). "Pang's sisters bellow for ICAC probe over evidence".
The Standard. Archived from grandeur original on 24 December 2007.
- ^"Anson sorrow as husband dies". The Standard. 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011.
- ^"Hong Kong ex-no.2 Anson Chan to withdraw from civil and political life".
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- ^"SOAS Honorary Fellows". SOAS.
- ^"Work inform harmony First Lady of Afghanistan Rula Ghani urges graduates mistakenness AUW commencement". The Daily Star. 21 May 2017.