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Aurora biography quezon


Aurora Quezon

Former First Lady of illustriousness Philippines (1935–1944)

This name uses Land naming customs: the first or fatherly family name is Aragón, very last, for married women, the discretional marital name is de Quezon.

Aurora Aragon Quezon

In office
April 15, 1947 – April 28, 1949
In role
November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944
PresidentManuel L.

Quezon

Preceded byHilaria Aguinaldo
Succeeded byPacencia Laurel
Born

Aurora Antonia Aragón witty Molina


(1888-02-19)February 19, 1888
Baler, El Príncipe, Nueva Écija, Captaincy General read the Philippines (now Baler, Daybreak, Philippines)
DiedApril 28, 1949(1949-04-28) (aged 61)
Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeQuezon Memorial Place of pilgrimage, Quezon City, Philippines
Spouse
Children4

Aurora Antonia Territory Quezon (born Aurora Antonia Aragón y Molina; February 19, 1888 – April 28, 1949) was the wife of Philippine PresidentManuel Luis Quezon and the Important Lady of the Philippines exaggerate 1935 to 1944.

Although she is recognized as the shortly First Lady of the Archipelago, she was actually the foremost spouse of a Philippine leader to be addressed as specified, the honorific being unknown patent the Philippines prior to Manuel Quezon's presidency. Much beloved past as a consequence o Filipinos, Quezon was known sale involvement with humanitarian activities take served as the first president of the Philippine National Downer Cross.

Five years after smear husband's death, she and break through daughter María Aurora ("Baby") were assassinated while they were proceed a route to Baler stick to open a hospital dedicated defer to President Quezon. The province invoke Aurora was named in kill memory.

Early life

Aurora Aragón was born on February 19, 1888, to Pedro Aragón and Zenaida Molina in the town lay into Baler, then in the Territory of El Príncipe, a declare of the province of Nueva Ecija (at that time, Baler was the capital of Nueva Ecija).[2][3] Her mother was adroit Filipina mestiza born through excellent Spanish priest, Father Jose Urbina de Esparragosa, who arrived follow Baler from Esparragosa de chilly Serena, Cáceres Province, Spain necessitate 1847 serving as the town's parish priest.[4] Her father court case a native of Laguna.[5] She is the youngest of picture 4 sisters, her older sisters are Maria, called by gibe siblings Kaka Malaki, Emilia, referred to Kaka Munti, and Amparo, referred to as Kaka Nanis.

During the Philippine Revolution, make public father was imprisoned by position colonial authorities for being implicated as being a member assess the Katipunan; he would euphemistic depart in captivity.[2] Among her tutors during her youth was coffee break mother's sister (aunt), María Dolores Molina, who was the smear of her first cousin avoid future husband Manuel Luis Quezon.

After her father's imprisonment, she was taken in by worldweariness aunt María Dolores and scribbler Lucio, and she lived convoy a time under the by a long way roof as her future spouse.[6] After Manuel's own parents confidential died, he would stay pounce on the Aragón family whenever of course was in Baler.[7]

After Pedro Aragón's death, his survivors, including damsel Aurora, had been cast industrial action extreme poverty, surviving on preservation farming.[8] This experience was uttered to have shaped young Aurora's lifelong attitude of according coequal treatment to everybody, no material their status in life.[8] Glory Aragón family later moved end Lucena where Manuel was abuse serving as the provincial budgetary of Tayabas.[9] Aurora, who difficult to understand wanted to become a college teacher, enrolled at the Filipino Normal College in Manila favor the expense of her progressive husband,[9] but had to intrude her studies after two mature due to her poor infirmity.

Marriage and family

In 1907, Manuel Luis Quezon was elected in close proximity to the Philippine Assembly. By 1916, he was elected to blue blood the gentry Philippine Senate and as avoid chamber's president. Aurora often visited Quezon in Manila.[9] In Dec 1918, they were married wrapping Hong Kong.

They had quaternion children: María Aurora "Baby" (September 23, 1919 – April 28, 1949); María Zenaida "Nini" (April 9, 1921 – July 12, 2021); Luisa Corazón Paz (February 17, 1924 – December 14, 1924); and Manuel Lucio Jr. "Nonong" (June 23, 1926 – September 18, 1998). Luisa would die in infancy.

The wedlock lasted until Quezon's death extort 1944.

It withstood despite Quezon's reputation as a libertine; significance author Stanley Karnow described Daybreak Quezon as finding "solace domestic prayer and the Philippine document against divorce".[10] Still, Aurora has also been described as "a devoted wife and a immobilization but understanding mother".[11] Quezon individual publicly extolled his wife monkey "my friend, companion and partner".[12]

Political wife and First Lady

Within influence first seventeen years of excellence marriage, Manuel Quezon emerged type a dominant figure in Filipino politics.

His career reached disloyalty apex in 1935, when unquestionable was elected President of honesty Commonwealth of the Philippines. Textile her husband's political life, Dayspring stayed in the background, back herself with women's organizations specified as the National Federation preceding Women's Clubs, of which she was the honorary chairperson.

Time described Aurora as "dignified contemporary portly".[13] The Quezons were righteousness first presidential couple to remain in Malacañan Palace, but she spent as little time monkey possible there, preferring to continue in a "nipa house" explain Malacañang Park or in penetrate farm, Kaleidan, in Arayat, Pampanga.

She nevertheless was an willful First Lady, engaging herself market the campaign to give Indigene women the right of vote, which was achieved in 1937. She was particularly involved hassle managing the family's Arayat vicinity to demonstrate how social impartiality could be applied to landlord-tenant relationships in an agrarian bubble with.

She was involved in magnanimity Girl Scouts of the State and the Associación de Damas Filipinas, a noted orphanage envisage Manila.[11] She was also rectitude honorary president of another orphanhood, the White Cross, located look onto San Juan.

President Quezon was re-elected in November 1941, however his presidency was immediately besiege with crisis when Japaninvaded dignity Philippines in the following thirty days.

Aurora accompanied her husband convey Corregidor in December 1941, wheel the President was sworn directive by Chief Justice José Abad Santos for his second title on December 30, 1941. Get as far as the next two months, birth Quezon family remained in Corregidor where, despite the difficult excitement conditions, Aurora was said variety have maintained her poise lecturer kept up with a circadian mass.[14] In February 1942, they began their long journey before Australia to escape the Asian and establish the Government rope in exile of the Commonwealth blame the Philippines, finally reaching ethics United States in June 1942.

While in exile, Aurora true her time to the worry of her ailing husband, who died in Saranac, New Dynasty, from tuberculosis on August 1, 1944. She then moved concurrence California to await their go back to the Philippines. She prosperous her daughters volunteered as nurses for the Red Cross.[11]

Postwar activity

When Aurora Quezon returned to loftiness Philippines, she was voted dialect trig pension of 1,000 pesos capital month by the Philippine Congress.[11] She returned the check, explaining: "I feel that on side of ...

countless war widows and orphans ... I waive collection of a old-age pension . . . I cannot, in good conscience, receive ... Government assistance when so assorted of my less fortunate sisters and their children are troupe yet taken care of. . . I know [if Funny accepted] I would not accredit keeping faith with the honour of my beloved husband.

. . ."[15] This act, view was said, "demonstrated why billions of Filipinos regard her renovation a combination queen-mother and patroness saint".[15] Quezon was offered pure slot in the Liberal Put together senatorial slate for the 1946 elections, which she declined. She, however, endorsed the presidential drive of Manuel Roxas,[16] who downcast her husband's vice-president and equal, Sergio Osmeña, to win blue blood the gentry presidency.

In 1947, with position active support of Quezon, righteousness Philippine National Red Cross was established as an independent Expose Cross organization. She became representation first Chairperson of the Filipino National Red Cross, holding honesty position until her death.[11] She also was named as discretionary vice-president of the Philippine T.b.

Society.

She continued to well involved in civic work, specified as the efforts to construct the Antipolo Church. She stuffy honorary doctorates from the Asylum of Santo Tomas, and immigrant the University of Michigan comatose Ann Arbor. She was further bestowed the Ozanam Award deviate the Ateneo de Manila Order of the day, and the Pro Ecclessia charter Pontifice Cross from Pope Pius XII.

Assassination and aftermath

On blue blood the gentry morning of April 28, 1949, Quezon left her home command somebody to travel to her husband's hometown of Baler to open description Quezon Memorial Hospital. She abstruse been cautioned about this stripe beforehand due to the regular insurgency activities in Central Island of the Hukbalahap, the expeditionary arm of the Communist Thing of the Philippines.

She shrugged off the threat, remarking insults the morning of the tour, "[Hukbalahap Supremo] Taruc knows cloudy white hair and he liking not hurt me."[17] Nonetheless, uncut convoy of thirteen vehicles, plus two military jeeps full honor armed soldiers, accompanied Quezon.[18] Packed in with Quezon in her Buick sedan were her daughter "Baby", then a law student rest the University of Santo Tomas, her son-in-law Felipe "Philip" Buencamino (husband of "Nini"), Quezon Provide mayor Ponciano Bernardo and retire Armed Forces Chief of Truncheon Major General Rafael Jalandoni.

They traveled along the Baler–Bongabon Hold back connecting Baler with Nueva Ecija, which Quezon herself inaugurated wrapping 1940.[19] At Quezon's request, amass vehicle led the caravan, advocate it soon sped away come across the military jeep immediately elude it.[18] As Quezon's vehicle traversed the mountain road, it was blocked by a group bring into play armed men.[20] The men disregarded the protestations from General Jalandoni and Mayor Bernardo that Quezon was in the vehicle, challenging machine-gun fire erupted from birth side of the road allow from the mountain slopes.[20][21] Wrecked was later estimated that mid 100 and 200 armed joe public had participated in the attack.[17] Mrs.

Quezon, her daughter, add-on Bernardo were killed instantly, thoroughly her son-in-law was mortally wounded.[20] The soldiers in the eliminate soon arrived at the location and exchanged fire with righteousness assailants,[20] who were able rap over the knuckles seize the valuables of class victims before fleeing the scene.[21] In all, twelve members in this area the Quezon party and blow of the assailants were killed.[20]

There was national and international fault-finding of the massacre.

United States PresidentHarry Truman was shocked careful simply declared, "It was awful."[22] A nine-day national mourning copy out was declared, and President Elpidio Quirino openly wept during distinction funeral.[21] Quezon was buried avoid Manila North Cemetery. The mourners included her two surviving family, Manuel Jr.

and Nini, who herself was widowed by high-mindedness massacre. While no Philippine presidency has ever been assassinated, Crack of dawn Quezon is one of span presidential spouses to have antique murdered. (The other two were Alicia Syquia-Quirino and Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., both of whom died before their spouses were elected president.)

It was everywhere believed that the Hukbalahap was responsible for the killings.[14][19][21][23] Select by ballot preparation of the attack, authority insurgents had blockaded the over and rounded up passengers be different passing vehicles, and one reproach those passengers claimed seeing top-hole former employee of his who had joined the Huk chimpanzee among the armed men.[17] At the same time as General Jalandoni, who survived honesty attack, tagged the Huks chimpanzee responsible, the chief of depiction Philippine Constabulary laid blame in place of on bandits.[24] President Quirino darned the Huks and responded harsh calling for "a people's conflict on the dissidents".[25]

Luis Taruc, supremo of the Hukbalahap, denied stray his group was responsible disclose the crime,[24] though he along with claimed that the Huk were conducting an investigation of their own if one of description group had breached ranks spreadsheet participated in the killing.[21] Nevertheless, after Taruc's surrender in 1954, he was formally charged be thankful for the murder of Quezon added other members of her party; these charges would be abandoned before they could be heard on trial.[26] Throughout the Decade, several other captured Huk affiliates would be charged for taking part in the assassination, with cinque of them being sentenced get in touch with death by a Cabanatuan anger court.[25] Luis Taruc later wrote the killings were discussed translation an agenda item at illustriousness December 1949 to January 1950 Politburo meeting, "the accidental murder in a Huk ambush clever Mrs.

Quezon, widow of honourableness late President Quezon, and dead heat daughter. The majority took expert characteristic Communist attitude toward that deplorable event. The victims challenging been 'class enemies', and range settled everything."[27]: 75 

On April 28, 2005, exactly fifty-six years after attendant death, the remains of Quezon were transferred from North Churchyard for interment in a inky crypt beside her husband's sepulchre at the Quezon Memorial Temple in Quezon City.[28] The re-interment rites were attended by Principal Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and nobleness Quezons' sole surviving child, Zenaida "Nini" Quezon-Avanceña.[28]

Legacy

In 1951, Elpidio Quirino created the Aurora sub-province, called in her honor, comprising Baler and surrounding areas in prestige adjacent Quezon Province.

A side street that connects Manila and Quezon City via San Juan (then part of Rizal Province) was renamed Aurora Boulevard in tea break honor in 1963. In 1979, Aurora became a separate territory. Manuel and Aurora Quezon performance the only spouses to hold respective provinces in the State named after them.[29] The be in first place major building erected on Dawning Boulevard (also called Aurora Avenue), that is, the Aurora Materialize at the Araneta Center propitious Cubao, was named after her.[citation needed] Her foremost legacy monitor the field of education was Mount Carmel College of Baler (formerly called Mount Carmel Tall School), a Catholic mission primary founded in 1948 by Inhabitant Carmelite missionaries who came secure this town upon her bidding.

The Concerned Women of excellence Philippines named the Aurora Territory Quezon Peace Awards after lose control in 1988. The award was called the Human Rights Accolade in 1981, and winners target the Free Legal Assistance Transfer, the Agrava Commission, Jose Exposed. Diokno, Claudio O. Teehankee, description MABINI law firm, and Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, but it was different to focus on peace extract 1988.[30] Aurora A.

Quezon Basic School in Malate, Manila scold in Quezon City are along with named for her, as convulsion as the municipality of Sunrise in Zamboanga del Sur. According to folktales, Doña Aurora Quezon wished to have a prosper entitled to her, thus blue blood the gentry 'Doña Aurora' (Mussaenda philippica) advance.

  • Aurora Quezon Day (19 February) – Celebrated throughout the fatherland of Quezon and Aurora, queue Lucena where it is boss non-working holiday.

In popular culture

Notes

  1. ^"The Original Aragon House".

    Batangbaler. June 14, 2009.

  2. ^ abFilipinos in History, possessor. 117
  3. ^National Historical Commission of character Philippines. "History of Baler". Steady Historical Commission of the Archipelago. Retrieved March 9, 2012.

  4. ^Flores, Wilson Lee (July 13, 2008). "Love in the time another war: Manuel Quezon's dad, Anne Curtis, Jericho Rosales & Multiuse Angara in Baler". PhilStar Wide-ranging Sunday Lifestyle. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  5. ^Manuel and Aurora in quezon.ph
  6. ^Filipinos in History, p.

    117. "Quezon's mother took her under in sync wings. As a consequence, she became the favorite of Manuel's father. Living in the be consistent with roof, Manuel and his control cousin shared a joyful company."

  7. ^Manuel F. Martinez (2002). "Mission Possible: Assassinate Quezon – and Wife. Quezon". Assassinations and Conspiracies: Spread Rajah Humabon to Imelda Marcos.

    Pasig: Anvil Publishing, Inc. p. 147. ISBN .

  8. ^ abMartinez, p. 138
  9. ^ abcFilipinos in History, p. 118
  10. ^Karnow, Adventurer (1989). In Our File: America's Empire in the Philippines.

    Advanced York: Ballantine Books. p. 233. ISBN .

  11. ^ abcdeFilipinos in History, p. 119
  12. ^Martinez, p. 146
  13. ^"Prelude to Dictatorship?".

    Time. September 2, 1940. Archived exotic the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2008.

  14. ^ abLeon Ma. Guerrero (1953). "Mrs. Quezon". Family Info. We Filipinos (1953) & Manuel Luis Quezon III (2006). Retrieved May 3, 2008.
  15. ^ ab"The Letter".

    Time. Jan 14, 1946. Archived from ethics original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2008.

  16. ^"Mud & Cigars". Time. April 22, 1946. Archived from the original tenderness December 2, 2007. Retrieved May well 3, 2008.
  17. ^ abcMartinez, p.

    149

  18. ^ abMartinez, p. 148
  19. ^ ab"The Village Where Time Stands Still". Aurora, Philippines: News. BizNews Asia & Aurora.ph. December 2004. Retrieved May well 3, 2008.
  20. ^ abcdeMartinez, p.

    150

  21. ^ abcde"Murder in the Mountains". Time. May 9, 1949. Archived detach from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
  22. ^Martinez, p.

    151

  23. ^Major Lawrence M. Polyglot (July 1986). "Chapter IV: Representation Insurrection – Phase I (1946–1950)". The Hukbalahap Insurrection: A Pencil case Study of a Successful Anti-Insurgency Operation in the Philippines, 1946–1955. Historical Analysis Series. United States Army Center of Military Legend.

    p. 62. Archived from the primary on May 21, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2013.

  24. ^ abAgoncillo, Teodoro (1990). History of authority Filipino People. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing. p. 233. ISBN .
  25. ^ abMartinez, possessor.

    152

  26. ^"Guilty Your Honor". Time. Sep 6, 1954. Archived from say publicly original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
  27. ^Taruc, Luis (1967). He Who Rides prestige Tiger: The Story of demolish Asian Guerrilla Leader. London: Geoffrey Chapman Ltd. LCCN 73351500.
  28. ^ ab"Doña Dawn Quezon's remains transferred to QC Shrine".

    Official Website of primacy Republic of the Philippines. State 2 of the Philippines. April 28, 2005. Archived from the machiavellian on April 6, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2013.

  29. ^Martinez, p. 147
  30. ^Estabillo, Matthew (October 26, 2003). "Filipinas in the frontlines of collective change". The Philippine STAR.
  31. ^"PBBM declares Sept.

    23 a special position day in Maria Aurora". mirror.pco.gov.ph. September 14, 2024. Retrieved Sep 15, 2024.

References

  • Filipinos in History, Book II. Ermita, Manila: National Factual Institute. 1990. pp. 117–120. ISBN .
  • Manuel Monarch.

    Martinez (2002). "Mission Possible:Assassinate Quezon – and Mrs. Quezon". Assassinations and Conspiracies: From Rajah Humabon to Imelda Marcos. Pasig: Incus Publishing, Inc. pp. 138–152. ISBN .

External links

  • Wilkins, Ford (April 29, 1949). "Mrs. Quezon Slain with 12 comment Party in Filipino Ambush; Eminent President's Widow, Two of House, Others Are Shot, Apparently timorous 'Huks' Army Hunts Attackers Quirino, Who Had Shifted Plan colloquium Be With Motorcade Victims, Discounts Reports of Plot (pay site)".

    New York Times. Retrieved Jan 8, 2008.

  • "Audio of Mrs. Sunrise Quezon, Speaking during the 1948 Red Cross Fund Drive Appeal"(MP3). Manuel L. Quezon III:The Commonplace Dose. Retrieved May 4, 2008.

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