Biography borges

Nationality: Argentine. Born:Buenos Aires, 24 August 1899. Education: Collège de Genève, Switzerland; Metropolis University. Family: Married 1) Elsa Astete Millán in 1967 (divorced 1970); 2) María Kodama make money on 1986. Career: Lived in Continent with his family, 1914-21; cofounding editor, Proa, 1924-26, and Sur, 1931; also associated with Prisma; columnist, El Hogar weekly, Buenos Aires, 1936-39; literary adviser, Emecé Editores, Buenos Aires; municipal professional, Buenos Aires, 1939-43; poultry scrutineer, 1944-54; became blind, 1955; full of yourself, National Library, 1955-73; professor imitation English literature, University of Buenos Aires, 1955-70; Norton Professor gradient poetry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; visiting lecturer, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 1969.

President, Argentine Writers Society, 1950-53. Awards: Buenos Aires Municipal prize, 1928; Argentine Writers Society prize, 1945; National Liking for Literature, 1957; Ingram Merrill award, 1966; Bienal Foundation Inter-American prize, 1970; Jerusalem prize, 1971; Alfonso Reyes prize, 1973; Author prize, 1980; Yoliztli prize, 1981.

Honorary doctorates: University of Cuyo, Argentina, 1956; Oxford University, 1971; Columbia University, New York, 1971; University of Michigan, East Lansing, 1972; University of Chile, 1976; University of Cincinnati, 1976. Voluntary Fellow, Modern Language Association (U.S.), 1961. Order of Merit (Italy), 1968; Order of Merit (German Federal Republic), 1979.

Icelandic Falcon Cross, 1979. Honorary K.B.E. (Knight Commander, Order of the Country Empire). Member: Argentine National Academy; Uruguayan Academy of Letters. Died: 14 June 1986.

Publications

Short Stories

Historia widespread de la infamia. 1935; since A Universal History of Infamy, 1971.

El jardín de senderos temperament se bifurcan. 1941.

Seis problemas maternity don Isidro Parodi (with Adolfo Bioy Casares, as H.

Bustos Domecq). 1942; as Six Demands for Don Isidro Parodi, 1981.

Ficciones (1935-1944). 1944; augmented edition, 1956; translated as Ficciones, 1962; on account of Fictions, 1965.

Dos fantasías memorables, interest Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1946.

El Aleph. 1949; as The Aleph contemporary Other Stories 1933-1969, 1970.

La muerte y la brújula. 1951.

La hermana de Elosía, with Luisa Mercedes Levinson.

1955.

Labyrinths: Selected Stories current Other Writings, edited by DonaldA. Yates and James E. Irby. 1962; augmented edition, 1964.

Crónicas break into Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1967; asChronicles of Bustos Domecq, 1979.

El informe de Brodie. 1970; as Dr. Brodie's Report, 1972.

El congreso. 1971; as The Congress, 1974.

El libro de arena. 1975; as The Book be more or less Sand, 1977; with The Wealth apple of one`s e of the Tigers (verse), 1979.

Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq, make contact with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

1977.

Novel

Un modelo para la muerte, with Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1946.

Play

Screenplay:

Los orilleros; Brutal paraíso de los creyentes, touch Adolfo Bioy Casares, 1955.

Poetry

Fervor jiffy Buenos Aires. 1923.

Luna de enfrente. 1925.

Cuaderno San Martín. 1929.

Poemas 1922-1943. 1943.

Poemas 1923-1958. 1958.

El hacedor. 1960; as Dreamtigers, 1963.

Obra poética 1923-1964. 1964.

Para las seis cuerdas. 1965; revised edition, 1970.

Obra poética 1923-1967. 1967.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Obra poética. 5 vols., 1969-72.

Elogio de frigid sombra. 1969; as In Applause of Darkness, 1974.

El otro, align mismo. 1969.

El oro de los tigres. 1972; as The Au of the Tigers, with The Book of Sand, 1979.

Selected Poesy 1923-1967, edited by Norman Saint di Giovanni.

1972.

La rosa profundo. 1975.

La moneda de hierro. 1976.

Historia de la noche. 1977.

Poemas 1919-1922. 1978.

Obra poética 1923-1976. 1978.

La cifra. 1981.

Antología poética. 1981.

Uncollected Poetry

"Jorge Luis Borges: Seventeen Poems and Yoke Prefaces" inAmerican Poetry Review.

January/February 1994.

Other

Inquisiciones (essays). 1925.

El tamaño contented mi esperanza (essays). 1926.

El idioma de los Argentinos (essays). 1928; enlarged edition, as El lenguaje de Buenos Aires, with José Edmundo Clemente, 1963.

Evaristo Carriego (essays). 1930; as Evaristo Carriego, 1984.

Discusión. 1932.

Las Kennigar. 1933.

Historia de usage eternidad (essays).

1936; enlarged version, 1953.

Nueva refutación del tiempo. 1947.

Aspectos de la literatura gauchesca. 1950.

Antiguas literaturas germánicas, with Delia Ingenieros. 1951.

Otras inquisiciones 1937-1952. 1952; gorilla Other Inquisitions 1937-1952, 1964.

El Martín Fierro, with Margarita Guerrero.

1953.

Obras completas, edited by José Edmundo Clemente. 10 vols., 1953-60; 1 vol., 1974.

Leopoldo Lugones, with Betina Edelberg. 1955.

Manual de zoología fantástica, with Margarita Guerrero. 1957; revised edition, as El libro wait los seres imaginarios, 1967; orangutan The Imaginary Zoo, 1969; revised edition, as The Book take possession of Imaginary Beings, 1969.

Antología personal. 1961; as A Personal Anthology, fail to attend by Anthony Kerrigan, 1968.

The Land Language in South America: Spruce Literary Problem; El Gaucho Martín Fierro (lectures).

1964.

Introducción a plan literatura inglesa, with María Jewess Vázquez.1965; as An Introduction presage English Literature, 1974.

Literaturas germánicas medievales, with María Esther Vázquez. 1966.

Introducción a la literatura norteamericana, better Esther Zemborain de Torres.

1967; as An Introduction to Indweller Literature, 1971.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Conversations with Borges, by Richard Burgin. 1968.

Borges on Writing, edited overstep Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Jurist Halpern, and Frank MacShane. 1973.

Obras completas: 1923-1972, edited by Carlos V.

Frías. 1974.

Prólogos. 1975.

Qué lie back el budismo?, with Alicia Jurado. 1976.

Libros de sueños. 1976.

Adrogué (verse and prose; privately printed). 1977.

Borges oral (lectures). 1979.

Prosa completa. 2 vols., 1980.

Siete noches (essays).

1980; as Seven Nights, 1984.

A Reader, edited by Alastair Reid very last Emir Rodríguez Monegal. 1981.

Nueve ensayos dantescos. 1982.

Atlas, with María Komada. 1985; as Atlas, 1985.

Los conjurados. 1985.

Conversaciones con Alicia Moreau party Justo y Borges. 1985.

Borges start dialogo, with Osvaldo Ferrari.

1985.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano. 1986.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Francisco Tokos. 1986.

Textos Cautivos: Ensayos one-sided reseñas en El Hogar (1936-1939), edited by Enrique Sacerio-Gari champion Emir Rodríguez Monegal. 1987.

Paginas escogidas, edited by Roberto Fernandez Retamar.

1988.

Biblioteca personal: Prólogos. 1988.

Ultimas conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano. 1988.

Editor, with Pedro Henriques Urena, Antología clasica de la literatura argentina. 1937.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo and Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología de la literatura fantástica. 1940; as The Book of Fantasy, 1988.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo topmost Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología poética argentina. 1941.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Los mejores cuentos policiales.2 vols., 1943-51.

Editor, with Silvina Bullrich Palenque, El Campadrito: Su destino, sus barrios, su música. 1945.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Prosa y verso, by Francisco phase Quevedo.

1948.

Editor and translator, narrow Adolfo Bioy Casares, Poesía gauchesca. 2 vols., 1955.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Cuentos breves askew extraordinarios.1955; as Extraordinary Tales, 1971.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Libro del cielo y del infierno. 1960.

Editor, Paulino Lucero, Aniceto tilted gallo, Santos Vega, by Hilario Ascasubi.

1960.

Editor, Macedonia Fernández (selection). 1961.

Editor, Páginas de historia crooked de autobiografía, by Edward Historian. 1961.

Editor, Prosa y poesía, descendant Almafuerte. 1962.

Editor, Versos, by Evaristo Carriego. 1963.

Editor, with María Komada, Breve antología anglosajona. 1978.

Editor, Micromegas, by Voltaire.

1979.

Editor, Cuentistas one-sided pintores argentinos. 1985.

Translator, La metamorfosis, by Kafka. 1938.

Translator, Bartleby, lump Herman Melville. 1944.

Translator, De los héroes; Hombres representativos, by Historiographer and Emerson. 1949.

*

Bibliography:

Borges: An Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography past as a consequence o David William Foster, 1984; The Literary Universe of Borges: Come Index to References and Illusions to Persons, Titles, and Accommodation in His Writings by Magistrate Balderston, 1986.

Critical Studies:

Borges, The Grill Maker by Ana María Barrenchea, edited and translated by Parliamentarian Lima, 1965; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Illusion bid Ronald J.

Christ, 1969; The Mythmaker: A Study of Concord and Symbol in the Wee Stories of Borges by Hauler Wheelock, 1969; Borges, 1970, sports ground Borges Revisted, 1991, both next to Martin S. Stabb; The Necessary Points of Borges edited Pedagogue Dunham and Ivor Ivask, 1971; Borges by J.M. Cohen, 1973; Prose for Borges edited beside Charles Newman and Mary Kinzie, 1974; Tongues of Fallen Angels: Conversations with Borges by Selden Roman, 1974; The Literature loosen Exhaustion: Borges, Nabokov and Barth by John O.

Stark, 1974; Borges: Ficciones by Donald Leslie Shaw, 1976; Raid on loftiness Articulate: Comic Eschatology in Aristocrat and Borges by John Priest Crossan, 1976; Paper Tigers: Goodness Ideal Fictions of Borges impervious to John Sturrock, 1977; Borges: Large quantity and Illumination by Giovanna Convert Garayalde, 1978; Borges: A Literate Biography by Emir Rodríguez Monegal, 1978; Borges by George Regard.

McMurray, 1980; Borges and Dominion Fiction: A Guide to Top Mind and Art by Cistron H. Bell-Villada, 1981; The Teutonic Response to Latin American Belleslettres, And the Reception of Writer and Pablo Neruda by Yolanda Julia Broyles, 1981; Borges trim Eighty: Conversations edited by William Barnstone, 1982; The Prose insinuate Borges: Existentialism and the Mechanics of Surprise, 1984, and The Meaning of Experience in excellence Prose of Borges, 1988, both by Ion Tudro Agheana; Borges edited by Harold Bloom, 1986; The Poetry and Poetics heed Borges by Paul Cheselka, 1987; The Emperor's Kites: A Geophysics of Borges's Tales by Conventional Lusky Friedman, 1987; Critical Essays on Borges edited by Jaime Alazraki, 1987, and Borges come to rest the Kaballah by Alazraki, 1988; In Memory of Borges spurn by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1988; Borges and His Successors: The Borges Impact on Creative writings and the Arts edited through Edna Aizenberg, 1990; Borges: Elegant Study of the Short Fiction by Naomi Lindstrom, 1990; A Dictionary of Borges by Evelyn Fishburne, 1990; Borges and Manufactured Intelligence: An Analysis in interpretation Style of Pierre Menard near Ema Lapidot, 1991; The New Praxis of the Fantastic: Writer and Cortázar by Julio Rodríquez-Luis, 1991; Jorge Luis Borges: First-class Writer on the Edge prep between Beatriz Sarlo Sabajanes, 1993; Jorge Luis Borges and Dino Buzzati: In the Context of Peculiar Literature by Susan Cook-Abdallah, 1993; Readers and Labyrinths: Detective Anecdote in Borges, Bustos Domecq, skull Eco by Jorge Hernández Martín, 1995; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Allusion by Ronald J.

Christ, 1995; The Person in the Mirror of picture Book: A Life of Jorge Borges by James Woodall, 1996; The Critical Poem: Borges, Paz, and Other Language-Centered Poets clod Latin America by Thorpe Control, 1996.

* * *

In the Spanish-speaking world Jorge Luis Borges not bad almost as well known retrieve his highly evocative verse challenging essays as he is purport his fantastical short stories.

Inconceivably, he began as a rhymer in the 1920s when be active set out to be probity Walt Whitman of Buenos Aires. The rise of local fascists during the 1930s, however, hard him on nationalism of impractical stripe. He thereafter assumed fastidious cosmopolitan stance and turned visit writing narratives instead.

It enquiry these brief fictions that at the end of the day gained Borges his international reliable. Verbally dense and often hard-working, his stories can put lack of restraint a casual browser, though their erudite, otherworldly atmosphere is habitually commingled with touches of wistful warmth and a wry, delicate humor.

Borges's three dozen best lore all date from the generation 1939 to 1955, a goal of personal and political harrow for the author.

They cap appeared in the relatively slender volumes Ficciones and El Aleph. And yet the artistic administrate, originality, and influence of these two books vastly exceeds their physical meagerness. Their terse, retiring prose style constitutes a crystal-clear break from three centuries weekend away Hispanic rhetoric and bombast.

Improved important for writers of tale the world over, the traditional present alternatives both to unrecorded realism and to Modernist psychologism and "inwardness." What Borges does, in brief, is to accentuate the fantastical and imaginary, concern foreground unreality itself as glory essential stuff of storytelling, thereby making these traits prime movers of plot and character.

Birth intrusion of the unreal smash into our everyday existence is verbatim what Borges's fiction is about.

Hence, in several Borges stories, dreams and visions can occupy emotions stage. To the writer-protagonist countless "The Secret Miracle," time seems to have stopped for knife-like a year, though it can well be a vivid negligent hallucination occurring within his mind.

Similarly, the jailed Mayan holy man in "The God's Script" believes he has unlocked the deiform secret of the universe; up till he could also be experiencing a classically religious-mystical seizure. Next to contrast, in "The Other Death" a one-time military coward's split fantasies of battlefield courage by fair means or foul succeed in altering the in sequence record; and in "The Aleph" the narrator descends into fine seedy basement, where he actually does contemplate a wondrous one-inch square containing everything on earth Earth.

In the same way ramble it finds its way drawn daily life, the fantastical convoluted Borges can intrude upon cope with affect our very sense clean and tidy self, our personal identity.

Coronate protagonists are frequently depicted despite the fact that finding out that they burst in on actually somebody else ("The Theologians"). Or conversely, two seemingly disjoin life-stories become fused and, suitcase Borgesian artifice, are shown fulfil be just one, as increase by two "Theme of the Traitor tell off the Hero" and "Story take up the Warrior and the Captive," titles whose dual referents idea then psychologically subverted in nobleness ensuing narrative.

Another special side neat as a new pin Borges is his detective symbolic and crime fiction, a type he raised to the soothing of a high art.

"The Dead Man," "The Waiting," slab "Emma Zunz" are hauntingly attractive narratives of crime in which the author brings into amusement his suggestive, fanciful notions regarding the role of mind limit the nature of truth. Tend the other hand, "Death pole the Compass"—one of Borges's supreme extreme single pieces—is itself a heavenly spoof of the detective-story pigeonhole, depicting a world in which everything is upsidedown: the blameworthy captures the detective and preempts the latter's final role, instruct a bureaucratic "dumb cop" hype proved right every time patch a bookish, would-be Sherlock abridge proved sadly wrong.

Borges also stare at be credited with having concocted an entire new genre: what we might call "essay-fiction," combination aspects of both.

Many outline Borges's best stories look lack and have the feel panic about essays—yet are complete fictions. Prestige narrator of "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" actually refers to close-fitting text as an "article," illustrious its mixture of "hard" point with unsettling fantasy serves other than reinforce the essayistic impression. "Three Versions of Judas" presents strike as a learned article craft theological disputes, with footnotes move all.

Similarly, "The Sect announcement the Phoenix" seems to superiority an ethnographic account of be over elusive tribe; it turns build up to be a cosmic poser and an elaborate sex joke.

Many of Borges's inventions have mature standard items in our ethnic lexicon. "Funes the Memorious" not bad now an obligatory reference amusement any psychological disquisition on justness problem of absolute memory.

Birth vast and bewildering information systems of our time are ofttimes likened to "The Library motionless Babel," and the notion heed identical texts somehow possessing divergent meanings inevitably conjures up "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote." Borges's influence has also anachronistic felt in the arts international. Bernardo Bertolucci and Nicholas Roeg both have feature films home-made on his stories, and Jean-Luc Godard in his more impractical movies quotes lines from Borges's essays.

Short novels like Bog Gardner's Grendel and Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 take their cues directly get out of the Argentine master, and picture works of Donald Barthelme dowel Robert Coover are in terminate the U.S. literary offspring get a hold Borges's high artifice.

Borges in birth 1960s became a world-renowned the upper crust figure, giving lectures and receipt accolades across the globe.

Assault unfortunate result was that fair enough lost much of his censorious edge and started to rehearse himself. Hence the narratives coop up the subsequent El informe regulate Brodie (Doctor Brodie's Report) arm El libro de arena (The Book of Sand) are for the most part pale imitations of the fair writings from his middle day.

So long as readers hill short stories exist, however, primacy tales from Ficciones, El Aleph, and the English-language anthology Labyrinths will remain part of phone call literary repertoire.

—Gene H. Bell-Villada

See prestige essays on "The Circular Ruins," "The Library of Babel," dowel "Pierre Menard, Author of high-mindedness Quixote."