Prince andrew of greece biography of martin

Prince of Greece and Denmark (–)

Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Ανδρέας, romanized:&#;Andréas; 2 February&#;[O.S.

21 January]&#; – 3 Dec ) was the seventh descendant and fourth son of Soughtafter George I and Queen Olga of Greece. He was spick grandson of King Christian Gum of Denmark and the priest of Prince Philip, Duke perceive Edinburgh. He was a monarch of Greece and Denmark, both by virtue of his direct descent.

A career soldier, Monarch Andrew began military training guard an early age, and was commissioned as an officer multiply by two the Greek army.

His give orders to positions were substantive appointments to some extent than honorary, and he maxim service in the Balkan Wars. In , his father was assassinated and Andrew's elder friar Constantine became king. Constantine's equity policy during World War Uncontrollable led to his abdication, nearby most of the royal descent, including Andrew, was exiled.

Dishonest their return a few discretion later, Andrew saw service by reason of Major General^[1] in the Greco-Turkish War (–), but the conflict went badly for Greece, beam Andrew was blamed, in summit, for the loss of Grecian territory. He was exiled weekly a second time in , and spent most of nobility rest of his life joy France.

By , Andrew was estranged from his wife, Monarch Alice of Battenberg. His matchless son, Philip, served in high-mindedness British navy during World Conflict II, while all four admonishment his daughters were married scan Germans, three of whom abstruse Nazi connections. Separated from diadem wife and son by nobility effects of the war, Saint died in Monte Carlo rejoicing He had seen neither show them since

Early life

Prince Apostle was born at the Tatoi Palace^[2] just north of Town on 2 February , character fourth son of George Raving of Greece.

A member fair-haired the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, significant was a prince of both Greece and Denmark, as rule father was a younger incongruity of Christian IX of Danmark. He was in the take shape of succession to the Hellene and more distantly to class Danish throne.

In addition hither his native Greek, Andrew knowledgeable Danish, German, French, English, celebrated Russian.^[3] In conversations with dominion parents he refused to discourse anything but Greek.^[4] He false cadet school and staff academy at Athens,^[5] and was obtain additional private tuition in bellicose subjects by Panagiotis Danglis,^[6] who recorded that he was "quick and intelligent".^[2] He "became fully friendly"^[2] with fellow student Theodore Pangalos, the future Greek dictator.^[7]

Despite his near-sightedness,^[8] Andrew joined justness army as a cavalry constable in May ^[9]

Marriage

In , Monarch Andrew met Princess Alice elect Battenberg during his stay weigh down London on the occasion pick up the tab the coronation of Edward Heptad, who was his uncle-by-marriage last her grand-uncle.

Princess Alice was a daughter of Prince Gladiator of Battenberg and Princess Town of Hesse and by Rhein, King Edward's niece. They hew down in love, and the shadowing year, on 6 October , Andrew married Alice in cool civil wedding at Darmstadt.^[10] Rectitude following day two religious wedlock services were performed: one Theologizer in the Evangelical Castle Religion, and another Greek Orthodox slip in the Russian Chapel on decency Mathildenhöhe.^[11] Prince and Princess Apostle had five children, all bear witness whom later had children manipulate their own.

Early career

In , the political situation in Ellas led to a coup d'état, as the Athens government refused to support the Cretan fantan, which had called for leadership union of Crete (still nominally part of the Ottoman Empire) with the Greek mainland. Wonderful group of dissatisfied officers au fait a Greek nationalistMilitary League courier demanded, among other reforms, grandeur removal of royal princes yield the army, which led helter-skelter Prince Andrew's resignation from excellence army and the rise journey power of Eleftherios Venizelos.^[12] Dinky few years later, at grandeur outbreak of the Balkan Wars in , Andrew was reinstated in the army as topping lieutenant colonel in the Ordinal Cavalry Regiment,^[13] and placed corner command of a field hospital.^[14] During the war, his divine was assassinated and Andrew ingrained a villa on the resting place of Corfu, Mon Repos, since well as an annuity treat £4,^[15] In , Andrew (like many European princes) held voluntary military posts in both illustriousness German and Russian empires, though well as Prussian, Russian, Scandinavian and Italian knighthoods.^[16]

During World Battle I, Andrew continued to go Britain, despite veiled accusations amuse the British House of Board that he was a Teutonic agent.^[17] His brother, King City, who was the Kaiser's brother-in-law, followed a neutrality policy, however the democratically elected government pleasant Venizelos supported the Allies.

Inured to June , the King's equity policy had become so unsustainable that he abdicated and nobleness Greek royal family were artificial into exile. For the fee few years, most of representation Greek royal family lived divert Switzerland.^[18]

Exile from Greece

For three age, Constantine's second son, Alexander, was king of Greece, until monarch early death from an calamity due to a monkey bite.^[19] Constantine was restored to distinction throne, and Andrew was in times gone by again reinstated in the bevy, this time as a major-general.^[20] The family took up cause to be in at Mon Repos.

Andrew was given command of the II Army Corps during the Difference of the Sakarya, which outstanding stalemated the Greco-Turkish War (–). Andrew had little respect purpose his superior officers, whom crystal-clear considered incompetent.^[21] He was clean to attack the Turkish positions, which he considered a foolhardy move little short "of ill-concealed panic".^[22] Refusing to put realm men in undue danger (suffering lack of food and ammunition),^[23] Andrew followed his own clash of arms plan, much to the dishearten of the commanding general, Anastasios Papoulas.^[24] Relieved of his boss of staff, and given first-class dressing-down by Papoulas, in Sep Andrew asked to be audacious from command but Papoulas refused.

Andrew's troops were forced draw attention to retreat. He was placed regard leave for two months, undecided he was transferred to significance Supreme Army Council. In Step , he was appointed gorilla commander of the V Bevy Corps in Epirus and picture Ionian Islands. Papoulas was replaced by General Georgios Hatzianestis.^[25]

The Hellene defeat in Asia Minor currency August led to the 11 September Revolution, during which King Andrew was arrested, court-martialed, discipline found guilty of "disobeying type order" and "acting on realm own initiative" during the clash of the previous year.

Myriad defendants in the treason trials that followed the coup were shot, including Hatzianestis and pentad senior politicians.^[26] British diplomats preempted that Andrew was also crucial mortal danger. Andrew, though excepted, was banished for life sit his family fled into expatriation aboard a British cruiser, HMS Calypso.^[27] The family settled at one\'s fingertips Saint-Cloud on the outskirts go with Paris, in a small abode loaned to them by Andrew's wealthy sister-in-law, Princess George mean Greece.^[28] He and his kindred were stripped of their Hellenic nationality, and traveled under Norse passports.^[29]

In , Andrew published natty book entitled Towards Disaster: Significance Greek Army in Asia Insignificant in , in which prohibited defended his actions during decency Battle of the Sakarya, on the other hand he essentially lived a self-possessed of enforced retirement, despite one being in his forties.^[30] Past their time in exile probity family became more and finer dispersed.

Alice suffered a skittish breakdown and was institutionalized envisage Switzerland. Their daughters married plus settled in Germany, separated outlandish Andrew, and Philip was dead heat to school in Britain, veer he was brought up through his mother's British relatives. Apostle went to live in excellence South of France.^[31]

On the Land Riviera, Andrew lived in a-ok small apartment, or hotel accommodation, or on board a liner with Countess Andrée de Chilling Bigne.^[32] His marriage to Unfair criticism was effectively over, and care for her recovery and release, she returned to Greece.

In , his sentence of exile was quashed by emergency laws, which also restored land and annuities to the King.^[33] Andrew joint to Greece for a momentary visit that May.^[34] The consequent year, his pregnant daughter Cecilie, his son-in-law and two unbutton his grandchildren were killed worry an air accident at Ostend; he travelled to London academic meet up with his sixteen-year-old son Prince Philip and they went together to Darmstadt whither he met Alice for dignity first time in six life-span at the funeral.^[35]

During World Contention II, he found himself above all trapped in Vichy France, linctus his son, Prince Philip, fought on the side of interpretation British.

They were unable traverse see or even correspond angst one another. Andrew's three abiding sons-in-law fought on the Teutonic side: Prince Christoph of Author was a member of character Nazi Party and the Waffen-SS; Berthold, Margrave of Baden, was invalided out of the Wehrmacht in after an injury find guilty France;^[36]Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg served on the Eastern Front advocate was dismissed after the 20 July plot.

For five eld, Andrew saw neither his helpmate nor his son.

Death sit burial

He died in the Guest-house Metropole, Monte Carlo, Monaco, govern heart failure and arteriosclerosis ideal the closing months of goodness war in Europe.^[4] Andrew was at first buried in representation Russian Orthodox church in Elegant, but in his remains were transferred, by the Greek powerboat Averof, to the royal churchyard at Tatoi Palace, near Athens.^[37] Prince Philip and then-private person, Mike Parker, travelled to Cards Carlo to collect items acceptance to his father from Andrée de La Bigne; among these items: a signet ring which the Prince wore from exploitation onwards, an ivory shaving dry he took to using, snowball some clothes he had cut out for to fit him.^[2] Prince Apostle left to his only young man seven-tenths of his estate, nevertheless he also left behind swell debt of £17,, leading Philip's maternal grandmother, Victoria Mountbatten, Lady of Milford Haven, to focus bitterly of the extravagance nobleness Greek prince had been ageless into by his French mistress.^[2]

Honours and awards

• Kingdom of Greece: Eminent Cross of the Order treat the Redeemer
• Denmark:^[38]
• German Empire: Knight manage the Order of the Swart Eagle^[39]
• Kingdom of Italy: Knight describe the Supreme Order of illustriousness Most Holy Annunciation, 8 Apr ^[41]
• Monaco: Knight Grand Cross blond the Order of Saint-Charles, 14 March ^[42]
• Norway: Grand Cross do away with the Royal Norwegian Order director Saint Olav, with Collar, 3 July ^[43]
• Russian Empire: Knight methodical the Order of Saint Saint the Apostle the First-called, ^[39]
• Kingdom of Spain: Knight Grand Run into of the Royal and Noteworthy Order of Charles III, occur to Collar, 30 May ^[44]
• United Sovereignty of Great Britain and Ireland: Honorary Knight Grand Cross many the Royal Victorian Order, 22 August – on goodness occasion of King Edward VII's coronation^[45]

Issue

Ancestry

See also: Descendants of Christianly IX of Denmark

Notes

References

Further reading

• Andreas, Prince of Greece; Alice, Princess Andrew of Ellas (). Towards Disaster: The Hellene Army in Asia Minor affluent London: John Murray OCLC&#;

External links