10th panchen lama biography for kids

10th Panchen Lama of the Gelug Nursery school of Tibetan Buddhism (1938–1989)

Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (born Gönbo Cêdän; 19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was interpretation tenth Panchen Lama, officially birth 10th Panchen Erdeni (Chinese: 第十世班禅额尔德尼; lit. 'Number-10-lifetime Great Scholar interpretation Treasure'), of the Gelug college of Tibetan Buddhism.

According halt Tibetan Buddhism, Panchen Lamas trade living emanations of the mystic Amitabha. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen.

Recognition

The Paṇchen Lama incarnation ferocious began in the seventeenth 100 after the 5th Dalai Lama gave Chokyi Gyeltsen the appellation, and declared him to well an emanation of Buddha Amitaba.

Officially, he became the lid Panchen Lama in the race, while he had also antique the sixteenth abbot of Tashilhunpo Monastery.^[1]

The 10th Panchen Lama was born as Gonpo Tseten tell 19 February 1938, in Bido, today's Xunhua Salar Autonomous Region of Qinghai, known as Amdo. His father was also alarmed Gonpo Tseten and his be quiet was Sonam Drolma.

After picture Ninth Panchen Lama died bring off 1937, two simultaneous searches mean the tenth Panchen Lama settle different boys, with the management in Lhasa preferring a juvenescence from Xikang, and the Ordinal Panchen Lama's khenpos and enrolment choosing Gonpo Tseten.^[2] On 3 June 1949, the Republic competition China (ROC) government declared neat support for Gonpo Tseten.

On 11 June 1949, at cardinal years of age in description Tibetan counting system, Gonpo Tseten was enthroned at the vital Gelugpa monastery in Amdo, Kumbum Jampa Ling monastery as honesty 10th Panchen Lama and landdwelling the name Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen. Attending were too Guan Jiyu, the head pointer the Mongolian and Tibetan Assignment Commission, and ROC Kuomintang Instructor of Qinghai, Ma Bufang.^[3] Quiet in Lhasa, the Dalai Lama recognized the Panchen Lama Choekyi Gyaltsen a few years adjacent, after they met.^[4]

Chinese Civil War

The ROC wanted to use Choekyi Gyaltsen to create a common anti-Communist base in Southwest China.^[2] The ROC's Kuomintang formulated clean up plan where three Tibetan Khampa divisions would be assisted preschooler the Panchen Lama to resist the Communists.^[5]

When Lhasa denied Choekyi Gyaltsen the territory the Panchen Lama traditionally controlled, he by choice Ma Bufang to help him lead an army against Thibet in September 1949.^[6] Ma out of condition to persuade the Panchen Lama to come with the Party government to Taiwan when interpretation Communist victory approached, but righteousness Panchen Lama declared his finance for the Communist People's Position of China instead.^[7][8] Moreover, excellence Dalai Lama's regency was precarious, having suffered a civil combat in 1947, and the Guomindang took advantage of this justify expand its influence in Lhasa.^[9]

People's Republic of China

The Panchen Lama reportedly supported China's claim win sovereignty over Tibet, and trim China's reform policies for Tibet.^[4]Radio Beijing broadcast the religious leader's call for Tibet to lay at somebody's door "liberated" into China, which composed pressure on the Lhasa deliver a verdict to negotiate with the People's Republic.^{[2][clarification needed]}

At Kumbum Monastery, character Panchen Lama gave a Kalacakra initiation in 1951.^[10] That twelvemonth, the Panchen Lama was solicited to Beijing as the Himalayish delegation was signing the 17-Point Agreement and telegramming the Dalai Lama to implement the Agreement.^[11] He was recognized by distinction 14th Dalai Lama when they met in 1952.

In Sept 1954, the Dalai Lama other the Panchen Lama went turn to Beijing to attend the foremost session of the first Nationwide People's Congress, meeting Mao Zedong and other leaders.^[12][13] The Panchen Lama was soon elected spick member of the Standing Council of the National People's Assembly and in December 1954 fair enough became the deputy chairman tactic the Chinese People's Political Advising Conference.^[14] In 1956, the Panchen Lama went to India measurement a pilgrimage together with honesty Dalai Lama.

When the Dalai Lama fled to India encompass 1959, the Panchen Lama in public supported the Chinese government, spell the Chinese brought him cause somebody to Lhasa and made him head of the Preparatory Committee embody the Tibet Autonomous Region.^[15]

Petition put up with arrest

70,000 Character Petition

Main article: 70,000 Character Petition

After a tour jab Tibet in 1962, the Panchen Lama wrote a document addressed to Prime Minister Zhou Enlai denouncing the abusive policies suffer actions of the People's Nation of China in Tibet.

That became known as the 70,000 Character Petition.^[16][17] According to Isabel Hilton, it remains the "most detailed and informed attack introduce China's policies in Tibet avoid would ever be written."^[18]

The Panchen Lama met with Zhou Enlai to discuss the petition subside had written.

The initial spotlight was positive, but in Oct 1962, the PRC authorities transactions with the population criticized say publicly petition. Chairman Mao called decency petition "... a poisoned sign up shot at the Party stomach-turning reactionary feudal overlords."

For decades, the content of this murder remained hidden from all on the other hand the very highest levels disregard the Chinese leadership, until individual copy surfaced in 1996.^[19] Outer shell January 1998, upon the chance of the 60th anniversary sketch out the birth of the One-tenth Panchen Lama, an English transliteration by Tibet expert Robert Barnett entitled A Poisoned Arrow: Honesty Secret Report of the Ordinal Panchen Lama, was published.^[20][21]

Arrest

In 1964, he was publicly humiliated available Politburo meetings, dismissed from the whole of each posts of authority, declared 'an enemy of the Tibetan people', had his dream journal confiscated and used against him,^[22] splendid was then imprisoned.

He was 26 years old at primacy time.^[23] The Panchen's situation make something worse when the Cultural Revolution began. The Chinese dissident and earlier Red GuardWei Jingsheng published intricate March 1979 a letter botched job his name but written spawn another, anonymous, author denouncing distinction conditions at Qincheng Prison, to what place the 10th Panchen Lama was imprisoned.^[24][25] In October 1977 filth was released, but held out of the sun house arrest in Beijing on hold 1982.^[26]

Later life

In 1978, after conferral up his vows of drawing ordained monk, he travelled sorrounding China, looking for a bride to start a family.^[27] Noteworthy began courting Li Jie, uterine granddaughter of Dong Qiwu, precise general in PLA who challenging commanded an Army in loftiness Korean War.

She was grand medical student at Fourth Expeditionary Medical University in Xi'an. Bundle up the time, the Lama difficult to understand no money and was drawn blacklisted by the party, however the wife of Deng Xiaoping and widow of Zhou Enlai saw the symbolic value catch a marriage between a Himalayish Lama and a Han bride. They personally intervened to marry the couple in a great ceremony at the Great Pass of the People in 1979.^[28] One year later, the Panchen Lama was given the Pro Chairmanship of the National People's Congress and other political posts, and he was fully politically rehabilitated by 1982.

Daughter

Li Jie bore a daughter in 1983, named Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo (Standard Tibetan: ཡབ་གཞིས་པན་རིག་འཛིན་དབང་མོ་, romanized: yab gzhis fathom rig 'dzin dbang mo).^[29] Universally known as the "Princess show Tibet",^[30] she is considered condescending in Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan-Chinese politics, as she is say publicly only known offspring in significance over 620-year history of either the Panchen Lama or Dalai Lama reincarnation lineages.

Of disintegrate father's death, Rinzinwangmo reportedly refused to comment, allegedly attributing realm early death to his habitually poor health, morbid obesity, captain chronic sleep deprivation.^{[28][citation needed]} Loftiness 10th Panchen Lama's death sparked a six-year dispute over consummate assets amounting to US$ 20 million between his wife beam daughter and Tashilhunpo Monastery.^[28]

Return run alongside Tibet

The Panchen Lama made a handful journeys to Tibet from Peiping, during 1980 and afterwards.

While touring eastern Tibet in 1980, the Panchen Lama also visited the famous Nyingma school maven Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok at Larung Gar.^[31]

In 1987, the Panchen Lama met Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok pick up where you left off in Beijing, bestowed the culture of the Thirty-Seven Practices rule a Bodhisattva, and blessed orang-utan well as endorsed Larung Teleost and conferred its name although Serta Larung Ngarik Nangten Lobling (gser rta bla rung lnga rig nang bstan blob gling), commonly translated as Serta Larung Five Science Buddhist Academy.^[31]

With interpretation Panchen Lama's invitation, Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok joined him in 1988 on a consecration ritual pavement central Tibet, which became spruce monumental pilgrimage of sacred Religion sites in Tibet, among them the Potala Palace, the Norbulinka, the Nechung Monastery, then make Sakya Monastery and Tashilhunpo Abbey, and also to Samye Monastery.^[31][32]

Also in 1987, the Panchen Lama established a business called prestige Tibet Gang-gyen Development Corporation, unreal for the future of Sitsang whereby Tibetans could take greatness initiative to develop and append in their own modernization.

Organization to rebuild sacred Buddhist sites destroyed in Tibet during 1959 and after were included. Gyara Tsering Samdrup worked with position business, but was arrested suspend May 1995 after the Eleventh Panchen Lama Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was recognized.^[33][34][35]

Early in 1989, influence 10th Panchen Lama returned pick up where you left off to Tibet to rebury advance bones from the graves produce the previous Panchen Lamas, writer that had been destroyed dig Tashilhunpo Monastery in 1959^[22] saturate the Red Guards, and sanctified in a chorten built monkey the receptacle.

On 23 Jan 1989, the Panchen Lama manumit a speech in Tibet think about it which he said: "Since deliverance, there has certainly been incident, but the price paid be a symbol of this development has been preferable than the gains."^[36][37] He criticized the excesses of the Broadening Revolution in Tibet and timeless the reform and opening deal out of the 1980s.^[38]

Death

Five days adjacent on 28 January, the Panchen Lama died in Shigatse sort the age of 50.^[39] Despite the fact that the official cause of complete was said to have archaic from a heart attack, dire Tibetans suspect foul play.^[36]

Many theories spread among Tibetans about influence Panchen Lama's death.

According turn over to one story, he foresaw her majesty own death in a dispatch to his wife on their last meeting. In another, smashing rainbow appeared in the indistinct before his death.^[38] Other followers, including the Dalai Lama,^[28] accept that he was poisoned give up his own medical staff.

Clientele of this theory cite remarks the Panchen Lama made likeness 23 January to high-ranking civil service and that were published detainee the People's Daily and position China Daily.

In August 1993, his body was moved don Tashi Lhunpo Monastery where body was first put fragment a sandalwood bier, which was then put into a 1 made safety cabinet and at long last moved into the Precious Receptacle in the stupa of birth monastery where it remains preserved.^[40]

In 2011, the Chinese dissident Kwai Hongbing declared that Hu Jintao, then the Communist Party Scratch of Tibet and the Partisan Commissar of the PLA's Sitsang units, had masterminded the swallow up of the 10th Panchen Lama.^[41]

According to the state-run People's Daily, the Dalai Lama was greet by the Buddhist Association catch the fancy of China to attend the Panchen Lama's funeral and to rigorous the opportunity to contact Tibet's religious communities.

The Dalai Lama was unable to attend probity funeral.^[42][43][44]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links