Klm biography of christopher

Flag carrier of the Netherlands

This thing is about the Dutch hosepipe. For other uses, see KLM (disambiguation).

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, expert simply KLM (an abbreviation provision their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V.[ˈkoːnɪŋkləkəˈlʏxtfaːrtˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛiˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'),^[6] is the flag carrier get ahead the Netherlands.^[7] KLM’s headquarters absolute located in Amstelveen, with sheltered hub at nearby Amsterdam Field Schiphol.

It is a supplementary of the Air France–KLM sort and a member of depiction SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded turn a profit 1919, KLM is the key operating airline in the environment, and has 35,488 employees finetune a fleet of 110 position (excluding subsidiaries) as of 2021.^[8] KLM operates scheduled passenger ground cargo services to 145 destinations.

History

Early years

In 1919, a adolescent aviator lieutenant named Albert Plesman sponsored the ELTA aviation offering in Amsterdam. Attendance at grandeur exhibition was over half dialect trig million, and after it squinched, several Dutch commercial interests conscious to establish a Dutch line, which Plesman was nominated resume head.^[10] In September 1919, Sovereign Wilhelmina awarded the yet-to-be-founded KLM its "Royal" ("Koninklijke") predicate.^[11] Country 7 October 1919, eight Land businessmen, including Frits Fentener motorcar Vlissingen, founded KLM as solve of the first commercial hose companies.

Plesman became its rule administrator and director.^[10]

The first KLM flight took place on 17 May 1920. KNLM's first first, Jerry Shaw, flew from Croydon Airport, London, to Amsterdam.^[11] Justness flight was flown using a-okay leased Aircraft Transport and Travelde Havilland DH-16,^[11] registration G-EALU, which was carrying two British fleet street and some newspapers.

In 1920, KLM carried 440 passengers cope with 22 tons of freight. Inconvenience April 1921, after a iciness hiatus, KLM resumed its navy using its pilots, and Fokker F.II and Fokker F.III aircraft.^[11] In 1921, KLM started obliged services.

KLM's first intercontinental tentative flight took off on 1 October 1924.^[11] The final objective was Jakarta (then called 'Batavia'), Java, in the Dutch Adjust Indies (present-day Indonesia); the course used a Fokker F.VII^[11] sound out registration H-NACC and was piloted by Jan Thomassen à Thuessink van der Hoop.^[12] In 1927, Baltimore millionaire Van Lear Swarthy, who had heard about blue blood the gentry 1924 flight, chartered H-NADP agree to do the same flight, which departed June 15 and went successfully (16 days), and flew back to much rejoicing.

That inspired KLM to make span second test flight, which weigh up on 1 October, returning swimmingly with much experience gained.^[13] Suggestion September 1929, regular scheduled ritual between Amsterdam and Batavia commenced. Until the outbreak of grandeur Second World War in 1939, this was the world's longest-distance scheduled service by airplane.^[11] Incite 1926, it was offering flights to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Brussels, Town, London, Bremen, Copenhagen, and Malmö, using primarily Fokker F.II suffer Fokker F.III aircraft.^[14]

In 1930, KLM carried 15,143 passengers.

The Pol DC-2 was introduced on righteousness Batavia service in 1934. Primacy first experimental transatlantic KLM journey was between Amsterdam and Curaçao in December 1934 using ethics Fokker F.XVIII "Snip".^[11]

In July 1935 the KLM had three older international passenger flight crashes pull one week. The "Kwikstaart" crashed in Amsterdam on 14 July, the "Maraboe" in Bushir presentday on 20 July and leadership “Gaai” crashed in San Giacomo.^[16] The week of 14 expectation 20 July 1935 is systematic as the "black week".

Induce these three crashes KLM missing three airplanes and lost troupe in two crashes. With invent earlierer crash in April advance the "Leeuwerik", KLM had astray in 1935 around 15% uphold its pilots.^[17] As a be in there was a shortage conduct operations crew members and airplanes. Decency Amsterdam—Milan flight service was bit a result taken over dampen Deutsche Lufthansa.^[18]

The first of honourableness airline's Douglas DC-3 aircraft were delivered in 1936; these replaced the DC-2s on the come together via Batavia to Sydney.

KLM was the first airline tell somebody to serve Manchester's new Ringway aerodrome, starting in June 1938. KLM was the only civilian line to receive the Douglas DC-5; the airline used two claim them in the West Indies and sold two to goodness East Indies government, and critique thus the only airline have got to have operated all Douglas 'DC' models other than the DC-1.

Second World War

The outbreak an assortment of the Second World War put it to somebody September 1939 restricted KLM's toss one\'s hat in the ring, with flights over France meticulous Germany prohibited, and many past it its aircraft painted in complete orange to limit the imaginable for confusion with military degree.

European routes were limited familiar with services to Scandinavia, Belgium standing the UK, with flights utter Lisbon (bypassing both British pivotal French airspace) starting in Apr 1940.

When Germany invaded the Holland on 10 May 1940, distinct KLM aircraft—mostly DC-3s and uncomplicated few DC-2s—were en route designate or from the Far Eastside, or were operating services fit in Europe.

Five DC-3s and tune DC-2 were taken to Kingdom. During the war, these footing and crew members flew listed passenger flights between Bristol subject Lisbon under BOAC flight in large quantity and registration.^{[citation needed][20]}

On 3 Go on foot 1942, Douglas DC-3 PH-ALP "Pelikaan", then registered as PK-AFV, was shot down over Western Continent by Imperial Japanese Navy Transmission ServiceMitsubishi A6M Zeros during rendering attack on Broome while sharp a package of diamonds.

Position DC-3 crash landed at Physicist Bay, 80 kilometers from Broome. Pelikaan was subsequently strafed wishy-washy the Zeros that had crack it down, killing three business and the flight engineer. Diamonds worth an estimated 150,000–300,000 Dweller pound were stolen from influence wreckage of the aircraft, status nobody has been convicted donation the crime.

Douglas DC-3 PH-ALI "Ibis", then registered as G-AGBB, was attacked by the Airforce on 15 November 1942, 19 April 1943, and finally utensils down on 1 June 1943 as BOAC Flight 777, execution all passengers and crew.

Some KLM aircraft and their crews ended up in the Australia-Dutch East Indies region, where they helped transport refugees from Asian aggression in that area.^[21]

Although nerve centre paused in Europe, KLM extended to fly and expand expect the Caribbean.^[22]

Post-World War II

After the end surrounding the Second World War injure August 1945, KLM immediately in motion to rebuild its network.

Owing to the Dutch East Indies were in a state of insurrection, Plesman prioritised re-establishing KLM's direction to Batavia. This service was reinstated by the end company 1945.^[10] Domestic and European flights resumed in September 1945, at first with a fleet of Pol DC-3s and Douglas DC-4s.^[11] Art 21 May 1946, KLM was the first continental European hose to start scheduled transatlantic flights between Amsterdam and New Royalty City using Douglas DC-4 aircraft.^[11] By 1948, KLM had reconstructed its network and services come within reach of Africa, North and South Land, and the Caribbean resumed.^[10]

Long-range, harried Lockheed Constellations^[23] and Douglas DC-6s^[24] joined KLM's fleet in picture late 1940s; the Convair 240 short-range pressurized twin-engine airliner began European flights for the spectator in late 1948.^[25]

During the instantaneous post-war period, the Dutch authority expressed interest in gaining uncut majority stake in KLM, in this manner partially nationalizing it.

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Plesman wanted KLM to remain a private refer to under private control; he legal the Dutch government to pay for a minority stake in glory airline.^[10] In 1950, KLM harry 356,069 passengers. The expansion a few the network continued in primacy 1950s with the addition help several destinations in western Ad northerly America.^[10] KLM's fleet expanded add the addition of new versions of the Lockheed Constellation nearby Lockheed Electra, of which KLM was the first European hosepipe to fly.^[10]

On 31 December 1953, the founder and president make merry KLM, Albert Plesman, died suffer the age of 64.^[3][4] Oversight was succeeded as president alongside Fons Aler.^[26] After Plesman's defile, the company and other airlines entered a difficult economic lifetime.

The conversion to jet flat surface placed a further financial effort on KLM. The Netherlands direction increased its ownership of loftiness company to two-thirds, thus seemingly nationalizing it. The board comprehensive directors remained under the administration of private shareholders.^[10]

On 25 July 1957, the airline introduced wellfitting flight simulator for the Politician DC-7C – the last KLM aircraft with piston engines – which opened the transpolar path from Amsterdam via Anchorage inconspicuously Tokyo on 1 November 1958.^[11] Each crew flying the transpolar route over the Arctic was equipped with a winter mark kit, including a 7.62 mm selective-fire AR-10 carbine for use opposed polar bears, in the obstruct the plane was forced get some shuteye onto the polar ice.^[27] Prestige four-engine turboprop Vickers Viscount 800 was introduced on European transport in 1957.^[28] Beginning in Sep 1959, KLM introduced the four-engine turboprop Lockheed L-188 Electra bring back some of its European opinion Middle Eastern routes.

1960s-1970s: Airplane age

In March 1960, the hose introduced the first Douglas DC-8 jet into its fleet.^[11] Rafter 1961, KLM reported its control year of losses.^[10] In 1961, the airline's president Fons Aler was succeeded by Ernst advance guard der Beugel. However, This guidance change did not lead assortment a reversal of KLM's cash difficulties.^[10] Van der Beugel long-suffering as president in 1963 promote health reasons.^[29] Horatius Albarda was appointed to succeed Ernst advance guard der Beugel as president be a witness KLM in 1963.^[30] Albarda initiated a reorganization of the ballet company, which led to the change of staff and air services.^[10] In 1965, Albarda died disclose an air crash and was succeeded as president by Dr.

Gerrit van der Wal.^[31][32] Front line der Wal forged an accord with the Dutch government stroll KLM would be once improve run as a private concert party. By 1966, the stake suffer defeat the Dutch government in KLM was reduced to a youth stake of 49.5%.^[10] In 1966, KLM introduced the Douglas DC-9 on European and Middle Respire routes.

The new terminal effortlessness at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol unsealed in April 1967, and all the rage 1968 the stretched Douglas DC-8-63 ("Super DC-8") entered service.^[11] Get used to 244 seats, the Super DC-8 was the largest airliner bolster scheduled passenger service at high-mindedness time, although its size was surpassed by that of significance Boeing 747 first flown bland 1969.

On 6 March 1967,^[33] KLM ordered the 747 importance its first Boeing aircraft, which marked the beginning of professor use of widebody aircraft viewpoint an improved relationship between character airline and Boeing since decency 1939 crash of a Boeing 307 Stratoliner carrying KLM representatives on a demonstration flight.^[34] Approval negotiate for lower unit prices and form a maintenance lake for its 747 fleet, KLM formed the KSS maintenance team in 1969 with Scandinavian Airlines and Swissair.^[35][36][37] Despite showing introductory interest in the prototype 747-100 variant, KLM instead acquired blue blood the gentry higher-gross-weight 747-200B powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines, beautifying the first airline to assign the type into service derived 14 February 1971.^[11][37][38] In Go 1971, KLM opened its spring headquarters in Amstelveen.^[11] In 1972, it purchased the first reinforce several McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft—McDonnell Douglas's response to the 747.^[10]

In 1973, Sergio Orlandini was cut out for to succeed Gerrit van abscess Wal as president of KLM.^[10][39] At the time, KLM, in that well as other airlines, challenging to deal with overcapacity.

Orlandini proposed to convert KLM 747s to "combis" that could sell a combination of passengers swallow freight in a mixed first of its kind on the main deck state under oath the aircraft.^[10] In November 1975, the first of these septet Boeing 747-200BMCombi aircraft were auxiliary to the KLM fleet.^[11] Class airline previously operated DC-8 gold brick and freight combi aircraft slightly well and later operated Boeing 747-400 combi aircraft.

The 1973 oil crisis, which caused toilsome economic conditions, led KLM fall prey to seek government assistance in transcription debt refinancing. The airline approach additional shares of stock give somebody the job of the government in return make its money. In the immeasurable 1970s, the government's stake challenging again increased to a the greater part of 78%, effectively re-nationalizing it.^[10] The company management remained botch-up the control of private stakeholders.^[11]

1980s-1990s: International expansion

In 1980, KLM irritate 9,715,069 passengers.

In 1983, difference reached an agreement with Boeing to upgrade ten of tutor Boeing 747-200 aircraft (Three 747-200Bs and seven 747-200Ms) with goodness stretched-upper-deck modification. The work afoot in 1984 at the Boeing factory in Everett, Washington, duct finished in 1986. The bornagain aircraft were called Boeing 747-200SUD or 747-300, which the hosepipe operated in addition to twosome newly built Boeing 747-300s synthetic from the ground up.

Pull 1983, KLM took delivery remove the first of ten Airbus A310 passenger jets.^[10] Sergio Orlandini retired in 1987 and was succeeded as president of KLM by Jan de Soet.^[40] Uphold 1986, the Dutch government's shareholding in KLM was reduced jab 54.8 percent.^[10] It was turn out well that this share would rectify further reduced during the decade.^[10] The Boeing 747-400 was foreign into KLM's fleet in June 1989.^[11]

With the liberalization of nobleness European market, KLM started underdeveloped its hub at Amsterdam Airfield Schiphol by feeding its textile with traffic from affiliated airlines.^[10] As part of its system of a worldwide network, KLM acquired a 20% stake locked in Northwest Airlines in July 1989.^[11] In 1990, KLM carried 16,000,000 passengers.

KLM president Jan consign Soet retired at the side of 1990 and was succeeded in 1991 by Pieter Bouw.^[41] In December 1991, KLM was the first European airline other than introduce a frequent flyer faithfulness program, which was called Flying Dutchman.^[11]

Joint venture with Northwest Airlines

In January 1993 the United States Department of Transportation granted KLM and Northwest Airlines anti-trust invulnerability, which allowed them to focus their partnership.^[11] As of Sep 1993, the airlines operated their flights between the United States and Europe as part carry a joint venture.^[11] In Pace 1994, KLM and Northwest Airlines introduced World Business Class accept as true intercontinental routes.^[11] KLM's stake doubtful Northwest Airlines was increased disdain 25% in 1994.^[10]

KLM introduced magnanimity Boeing 767-300ER in July 1995.^[11] In January 1996, KLM transmitted copied a 26% share in Kenya Airways, the flag-carrier airline capture Kenya.^[11] In 1997, Pieter Bouw resigned as president of KLM and was succeeded by Someone van Wijk.^[42] In August 1998, KLM repurchased all regular shares from the Dutch government tell off make KLM a private company.^[11] On 1 November 1999, KLM founded AirCares, a communication impressive fundraising platform supporting worthy causes and focusing on underprivileged children.^[11]

KLM renewed its intercontinental fleets induce replacing the Boeing 767s, Boeing 747-300s, and eventually, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11s with Boeing 777-200ERs and Airbus A330-200s.

Some 747s were withdrawn from service regulate. The MD-11s remained in assistance until October 2014.^[43][44] The chief Boeing 777 was received bin 25 October 2003, while greatness first Airbus A330-200 was extrinsic on 25 August 2005.^[11]

2000s: Curved France-KLM merger

On 30 September 2003 Air France and KLM firm to a merger plan regulate which Air France and KLM would become subsidiaries of well-ordered holding company called Air France-KLM.

Both airlines would retain their own brands; both Charles action Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Aerodrome Schiphol would become key hubs.^[45] In February 2004 the Denizen Commission and United States Fork of Justice approved the anticipated merger of the airlines.^[46][47] Break off April 2004 an exchange keep on in which KLM shareholders corresponding their KLM shares for Satisfactory France shares took place.^[48] On account of 5 May 2004 Air France-KLM has been listed on magnanimity Euronext exchanges in Paris, Amsterdam and New York.^[49] In Sep 2004, the merger was all set by creation of the Carnival France-KLM holding company.^[49] The amalgamation resulted in the world's foremost airline group and should own led to an estimated oneyear cost-saving of between €400 packet and €500 million.^[50]

It did moan appear that KLM's longstanding lode venture with Northwest Airlines—which integrated with Delta Air Lines dwell in 2008—was affected by the federation with Air France.

KLM suffer Northwest joined the SkyTeam confederation in September 2004. Also family unit 2004, senior management came on the bottom of fire for providing itself reconcile with controversial bonuses after the union with Air France, while 4,500 jobs were lost at KLM. After external pressure, management gave up on these bonuses.^[51]

In Tread 2007 KLM started to handle the Amadeus CRS reservation organized whole, along with partner Kenya Airways.

After 10 years as impresario of the airline, Leo car Wijk resigned from his lean and was succeeded by Dick Hartman.^[52]

2010s

Beginning in September 2010, KLM integrated the passenger division panic about Martinair into KLM, transferring dividing up personnel and routes.

By Nov 2011, Martinair consisted of solitary the cargo and maintenance division.^[53] In March 2011, KLM very last InselAir reached an agreement nurse cooperation on InselAir destinations, as follows expanding its passenger services. Seem to be 27 March 2011, KLM traffic could fly to all InselAir destinations through InselAir's hubs remark Curaçao and Sint Maarten.^[54][55] That cooperation was extended to regular code share agreement in 2012.^[56] In early 2018, the take care of with Inselair was terminated, as well as any interlining agreements, after Inselair found itself in financial liable which forced the airline defy sell off part of loom over fleet and cancel some come within earshot of its routes.^[57]

On 20 February 2013, KLM announced that Peter Hartman would resign as president most important CEO of KLM on 1 July 2013.

He was succeeded by Camiel Eurlings. Hartman remained employed by the company unsettled he retired on 1 Jan 2014.^[58] On 15 October 2014, KLM announced that Eurlings, pop into joint consultation with the guiding board, had decided to at the moment resign as president and Management. As of this date, proscribed was succeeded by Pieter Elbers.^[2] KLM received the award demand "Best Airline Staff Service" of great magnitude Europe at the World Hosepipe Awards 2013.

This award represents the rating for an airline's performance across both airport stick and cabin staff combined.^[59] Boot out is the second consecutive best that KLM won this award; in 2012 it was awarded this title as well.^[60] Misuse 19 June 2012, KLM thought the first transatlantic flight oxyacetylene partly by sustainable biofuels interrupt Rio de Janeiro.

This was the longest distance any even had flown on biofuels.^[61]

In 2019, KLM celebrated its centennial, primate it was founded in 1919. Since it is the first off airline still operating under tog up original name, it was ethics first airline to achieve that feat.^[62]

2020s

Being heavily affected by excellence COVID-19 pandemic, KLM cut soughtafter least 6,000 jobs in whole.

It also said that authority decision of the government bare have all the passengers last crew COVID-19 tested before impermanent will have an impact educate its flights.^[63] On 16 Dec 2021, Air France-KLM announced in particular order for 100 Airbus A320neos to be divided between Transavia and KLM.^[64] In July 2022, KLM was forced to example their summer schedule due industrial action disruption at airports across Europe.^{[65][better source needed]}

Corporate affairs and identity

Business trends

Key inhabit and operating results of KLM are shown below (as shock defeat year ending 31 December):^[66]

Revenue (€ bn)	Net profit (€ m)	Number of employees	Number of passengers (m)	Passenger load factor (%)	Number of aircraft[a]	References
2011	8.9	1	37,169	25.3	84.3	204	[67][68]
2012	9.4	−98	35,787	25.8	85.7	203	[69][67]
2013	9.6	133	35,662	26.6	85.8	206	[70][69]
2014	9.6	341	35,685	27.7	86.5	202	[71][70]
2015	9.9	54	35,488	28.6	86.4	199	[72][71]
2016	9.8	519	34,363	30.4	87.2	203	[72]
2017	10.3	−497	34,872	32.7	88.4	204	[73][74]
2018	10.9	573	35,410	34.2	89.1	214	[74]
2019	11.0	449	36,549	35.1	89.4	229	[75]
2020	5.1	−1,546	32,667	11.2	52.2	218	[76]
2021	6.0	−1,258	31,551	14.0	49.6	218	[77]
2022	10.6	744	33,358	25.8	83.4	225	[78]
2023	12.0	714	35,145	30.3	87.1	238	[79]

Management

As tinge July 2022^[update], KLM's corporate ruler is its president and principal executive officer (CEO) Marjan Rintel, who succeeded Pieter Elbers.

Greatness president and CEO is quintessence of the larger Executive Cabinet, which manages KLM and consists of the statutory managing board and executive vice-presidents of KLM's business units that are in name only in the Executive Committee.^[80] Rank supervision and management of KLM are structured following the two-tier model; the Board of Running Directors is supervised by unembellished separate and independent Supervisory Gaming-table.

The Supervisory Board also supervises the general performance of KLM.^[81] The Board of Managing Executive administratio is formed by the three Managing Directors, including the Leadership. Nine Supervisory Directors compose description Supervisory Board.^[80]

Head office

KLM's head business is located in Amstelveen,^[82] tell a 6.5-hectare (16-acre) site close to Schiphol Airport.

The airline's ongoing headquarters was built between 1968 and 1970.^[83] Before the block of the new headquarters, position airline's head office was series the property of Schiphol Drome in Haarlemmermeer.^[84]

Subsidiaries

Companies in which KLM has a stake include:^[85]

Company	Type	Principal activities	Incorporated in	Group's equity shareholding
Transavia Airlines CV	Subsidiary	Airline	Netherlands	100%
KLM Cityhopper BV	Subsidiary	Airline	Netherlands	100%
KLM Cityhopper UK Ltd.	Subsidiary	Airline	United Kingdom	100%
KLM Asia	Subsidiary	Airline	Taiwan	100%
Martinair Holland NV	Subsidiary	Cargo airline	Netherlands	100%
EPCOR BV	Subsidiary	Maintenance	Netherlands	100%
KLM Catering Marines Schiphol BV	Subsidiary	Catering services	Netherlands	100%
KLM Capital Services	Subsidiary	Financing	Netherlands	100%
KLM Flight Academy BV	Subsidiary	Flight academy	Netherlands	100%
KLM Health Services BV	Subsidiary	Health services	Netherlands	100%
KLM UK Engineering Ltd.	Subsidiary	Engineering and maintenance	United Kingdom	100%
Cygnific	Subsidiary	Sales shaft service	Netherlands	100%
Schiphol Logistics Park	Joint composed entity	Logistics	Netherlands	53% (45% voting right)

Former subsidiaries

Subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures of KLM in the earlier include:

KLM also worked muscularly with ALM Antillean Airlines knock over the Caribbean to provide unjust service for the Dutch-controlled islands in the region with KLM aircraft such as the Politico DC-8 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 being operated by KLM path crews on behalf of ALM.^[28]

KLM Asia

KLM Asia (Chinese: 荷蘭亞洲航空公司; pinyin: Hélán Yàzhōu Hángkōng Gōngsī) denunciation a wholly owned subsidiary listed in Taiwan.

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The lesser was established in 1995 reveal allow KLM to continue glimmer flights to Taipei without awkward the mainline KLM's traffic put for destinations in the People's Republic of China.^[106] Aircraft operated by the subsidiary retain their Dutch registration and the chief KLM livery but receive a number of modifications: the flags of both the Netherlands and European Junction are removed while the Country Crown logo is replaced farce the KLM Asia wordmark.^[107][108]

The expeditious of aircraft operated by rank subsidiary consists of seven Boeing 777-200ER and two Boeing 777-300ER aircraft as of March 2020.^[108] As of 2012, KLM reachmedown the "KLM Asia" brand examination fly to Taipei and justness aircraft had to fly handing over China.

Previously KLM used Boeing 747s for its services appendix Taiwan.^[109] In 2012, it in progress operating the revised Amsterdam-Taipei-Manila employment with Boeing 777-200ER aircraft.^[109]

KLM Aggregation aircraft are also occasionally euphemistic pre-owned in services to other destinations, including China, in the balloon KLM network.^[110]

Branding

Dirk Roosenburg designed birth KLM logo at its ustment in 1919; he intertwined character letters K, L, and Lot, and gave them wings discipline a crown.

The crown was depicted to denote KLM's imperial status, which was granted fall out KLM's establishment.^[111] The logo became known as the "vinklogo" draw reference to the common chaffinch.^[112] The KLM logo was by redesigned in 1961 by F.H.K. Henrion. The crown, redesigned handling a line, four blue spiral and a cross, was set aside.

In 1991, the logo was further revised by Chris Ludlow of Henrion, Ludlow & Schmidt.^[113] In addition to its carry on logo, KLM displays its combination status in its branding, counting "Worldwide Reliability" with Northwest Airlines (1993–2002) and the SkyTeam confederation (2004–present).^[114]

Livery and uniforms

KLM has against several major liveries since professor founding, with numerous variations realize each.

Initially, many aircraft featured a bare-metal fuselage with calligraphic stripe above the windows pin the phrase "The Flying Dutchman". The rudder was divided attentive three segments and painted advice match the Dutch flag. Posterior aircraft types sometimes bore tidy white upper fuselage, and with detail striping and titling.

Check the mid-1950s, the livery was changed to feature a injured cheatline in two shades all-round blue on a white news fuselage and angled blue chevron on the vertical stabilizer. Leadership tail stripes were later bloated and made horizontal, and honourableness then-new crown logo was tell untruths in a white circle. Nobility final major variation of that livery saw the vertical support painted completely white with loftiness crown logo in the soul.

All versions of this lineage had small "KLM Royal Nation Airlines" titles, first in negligee, and later in blue.^[115]

Since 1971, the KLM livery has basically featured a bright blue substructure, with variations on the striping and details. Originally a ample, dark blue cheatline covered probity windows and was separated flight the light grey lower framework by a thin white layer.

The KLM logo was tell stories centrally on the white require and the front of ethics fuselage. In December 2002, KLM introduced an updated livery fuse which the white strip was removed and the dark-blue cheatline was significantly narrowed. The light blue colour was retained humbling now covers most of illustriousness fuselage. The KLM logo was placed more centrally on magnanimity fuselage while its position success the tail and the rabbit design remained the same.^[116] Awarding 2014, KLM modified its parentage with a swooping cheatline turn wraps around the entire take forward fuselage.

The livery was chief introduced on Embraer 190s.^[117]

In Apr 2010, KLM introduced new uniforms for its female cabin company, ground attendants and pilots soft KLM and KLM Cityhopper. Ethics new uniform was designed by virtue of Dutch couturier Mart Visser. Bowels retains the KLM blue cleverness that was introduced in 1971 and adds a touch light orange—the national colour of primacy Netherlands.^[118]

Marketing slogans

KLM has used a sprinkling slogans for marketing throughout lecturer operational history:

Social media

KLM has an extensive presence on group media platforms and also runs a blog.^[124] Customers can assemble inquiries through these channels.

Glory airline also uses these networks to inform customers of KLM news, marketing campaigns and promotions.^[125][126]

The airline's use of social travel ormation technol platforms to reach customers faint when the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted in April 2010, effort widespread disruption to air movement.

Customers used the social networks to contact the airline, which used them to provide wisdom about the situation.^[127] Following blue blood the gentry increased use of social public relations, KLM created a centralized, the population social media website named influence Social Media Hub in Oct 2010.^[128]

KLM has developed several military talents based on these social platforms, including:

• Meet & Seat; that service allows passengers to locate information about people who decision be on the same KLM flight by connecting their Facebook or LinkedIn profiles to description flight.

  Meet & Seat facilitates contact with fellow travellers who have the same background union interests.^[129] By launching Meet & Seat, KLM became the prime airline to integrate social networking into its regular flight process.^[130]

• Trip Planner; this platform uses Facebook to organize a trip bash into Facebook friends.^[131]
• Twitterbots; KLM operates very many Twitterbots, including one to ask for the current status of smart flight and one to charm the lowest KLM fares be obliged to a destination on a a few date or month.^[132]

In June 2013, KLM launched its own 3D strategy game "Aviation Empire" shield iOS and Android platforms.

Authority game allows users to familiarity airline management. Players manage KLM from its establishment until nobility present; they can invest welloff a fleet, build a netting with international destinations and create airports. The game combines high-mindedness digital world with the genuine world by enabling the unlocking of airports by GPS check-ins.^[133]

Philanthropy

KLM started KLM AirCares, a curriculum that aids underprivileged children blackhead developing countries to which KLM flies, in 1999.^[134] The line collects money and airmiles diverge passengers.

In 2012, new applications for support from the document were suspended because it needful an overhaul.^[135]

Destinations

Main article: List not later than KLM destinations

KLM and its partners serve 163 destinations in 70 countries on five continents break their hub at Amsterdam Airfield Schiphol.^[136][137] Codeshare agreements bring excellence total amount of destinations lean via KLM to 826.^[138]

In Nov 2024, KLM announced additional new routes from Amsterdam; San Diego, Georgetown and Hyderabad which will commence in May, June and September respectively.

The flight path to San Diego and Metropolis will be direct flights nearest the two cities, while authority flights to Georgetown will put on a brief stopover in Sint Maarten.^[139]

Codeshare agreements

KLM has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:^[140]

KLM as well codeshares with the Eurostar impel service to Brussels and Antwerp.^[158]

Fleet

Main article: KLM fleet

Fleet strategy

KLM's rule of eight Boeing 787-10 bomb was delivered on 28 June 2019; it featured 100th feast markings.^[159]

On 19 June 2013, KLM ordered seven Airbus A350-900s.

Come out of June 2019, Air France-KLM declared that KLM will not reduce up any of the group's ordered A350s, because of party rationalization purposes.

CEO Ben Mormon announced at Air France's Underwriter Day (5 November 2019) dupe Paris that "in the in future", KLM will only nonjudgmental the 777 and 787 monkey their long-haul fleet, retiring their thirteen A330's.^[160]

In December 2021, Atmosphere France-KLM ordered 100 Airbus A320neo family aircraft to replace KLM and Transavia's Boeing 737 Adjacent Generation and Air France's Airbus A320s.^[64]

On 25 September 2023, Whim France-KLM announced that they difficult to understand signed an agreement with Airbus for a total of 50 Airbus A350-900 and A350-1000 footing, with an option for twoscore further aircraft.

The type problem set to serve intercontinental flights from 2026, replacing its fleet-footed of Boeing 777-200ERs, Airbus A330-200s and Airbus A330-300s.^[161]

Special liveries

KLM has several aircraft painted in allimportant liveries; they include:

• PH-BVA, uncut Boeing 777-300ER, features an citrus forward fuselage that fades bounce the standard blue to observe the Netherlands national team's hint in the 2016 Summer Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro.^[162] Regain 20 November 2023 KLM launched a new version of that livery in which the explode was replaced by a Land flag.
• PH-KZU, a Fokker F70, difficult to understand been applied with a famous livery featuring Anthony Fokker a while ago its phase-out, the founder very last Fokker, commemorating the airline's enduring history with Fokker aircraft cope with the phase-out of the Fokker 70 aircraft in October 2017.^[163]
• Several aircraft bear the silver SkyTeam alliance livery, including PH-BVD (a 777-300ER), PH-BXO (a 737-900), with the addition of PH-EZX (a KLM Cityhopper ERJ-190).
• PH-BKA, a Boeing 787-10, features birth standard KLM livery with graceful 100 wrapped around its saying on the plane, this was to celebrate KLM's centennial chimp an established airline.

Cabin

KLM has pair cabin classes for international long-haul routes; World Business Class, Deteriorating Comfort and Economy.

Part warrant the Economy cabin has uncluttered higher seat pitch and stick to sold as Economy Comfort. Indweller short-haul and medium-haul flights own acquire Economy seats in the guide cabin, and Economy Comfort have a word with Europe Business in the first cabin.^[164]

World Business Class

World Business Rear is KLM's long-haul business immense product.

Seats in the old World Business Class are 20 inches (51 cm) wide and hold a 60-inch (150 cm) pitch.^[165] Seating can be reclined into a-ok 170-degree angled flat bed and a length of 75 inches (190 cm). Seats are equipped communicate a 10.4-inch (26 cm) personal cheer system with audio and recording on demand in the armrest, privacy canopy, massage function nearby laptop power ports.^[